JK 



THE REPUBLIC 
OF TOMORROW 

ALEXANDER CHITTICK, M. D. 



THE REPUBLIC 
OF TOMORROW 



BY 

Alexander Chittick, M. D. 



Dedicated to All Good Citizens 
of the Republic 



PRINTED BY 

J. W. FRANKS & SONS 

PEORIA, ILL. 



-V7 



?<*? 

C4 



Copyright 1922 by 
ALEXANDER CHITTICK, M. D. 



MAV 1 5 1922 
©CI.A674102 



4 



J 



Contents 



PAGE 

Preface 7 

Introduction 11 

Declaration of Principles 19 

Salvaging Civilization . . . . . . .23 

The Courts 31 

State Insurance and Old Age Pensions . . 39 

Government Ownership 45 

Congress 61 

The Tariff Question . . . . . . . 71 

National Bureau of Health 75 

The Banking System 83 

Complimentary Closing 109 



Preface 

The chief function of society is the construction 
of good government. A society or government is 
composed of an aggregation of individual units. 

The actions of the masses of these units portray 
the average ideals of the majority as individuals. 

The life of governments, therefore, may be di- 
vided into three periods like the individual; namely 
— adolescence, maturity and decadence. 

Like the individual, in youth the government is 
virtuous, virile, progressive, courageous, economic 
and industrious. 

In middle age, like the individual, reasoning fa- 
cilities develop laws like habits become fixed, both 
good and bad. 

In old age decadence sets in and the virtues of 
youth are modified or lost entirely. 

With the government, like the individual, these 
three periods may be prolonged by proper rules of 
action or diminished by neglect. There is no stand- 
ing still in nature. All is change, expansion, growth, 
decay, death, disintegration, reconstruction, in both 
microscopic and macroscopic life, in the three ma- 
terial kingdoms whether it be planets, suns, stars, 
microbes, forests, men or bodies of men such as 
society. 

When a ball is thrown into the air it ascends un- 
til overcome by gravitation when it pauses for a sec- 
ond in mid-air and descends as rapidly as it arose. 



8 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

When a seed is planted in the soil it grows and 
expands daily into a beautiful plant, then blossoms 
out in all its glory, brings forth fruit, decays, dies, 
disintegrates, and fertilizes the soil for a new crop. 
It must be cultivated, pruned and properly cared 
for to develop into a perfect plant. 

Governments are very much the same. They must 
grow and expand, or decay and die. There is no 
standing still. A chain is no stronger than its weak- 
est link, and an orchard is perfect only when its 
component parts are perfect. 

Good government is obtained in a system that 
gives the greatest majority of its people peaceful 
homes. The home is the only foundation upon which 
a government can rest secure. Destroy the sanctity 
of the home and the government will soon cease to 
exist. 

A government composed of lords and slaves can- 
not long endure. 

When nomadic tribes win their emancipation from 
barbarism at the cost of being enslaved by organiza- 
tion, they have not gained much in the process. 

Organization is well to supply physical needs but 
to satisfy the social instinct we must have a perfect 
structure. 

Organization is the foundation but not the 
temple. 

The Russians who have had a dilapidated temple 
of mediaeval type, destroyed it and have started on a 
level with the rest of us. There are only two em- 
perors left on earth. 

The workers of the world have the opportunity to 
unite but they have no plan. Their dreams are with- 



PREFACE 9 

out form. They are handcraftsmen seemingly in- 
capable of constructing a house not made with hands. 
In order to be able to construct such a govern- 
ment the mind and the hand must be educated alike. 

Democracy should begin in the schools where the 
hands, brains and imaginations are developed. 

Students should be taught that capital and labor 
are synomymous. That labor is stored up capital 
but no one should be allow r ed to become excessively 
wealthy by storing up the labor of others. 

Money as a symbol of labor should not be treated 
like a commodity. At present, w r e are allowed to 
have as much as we can get and stay within the law. 

The time has arrived when the financial structure 
of society must be changed so that capital will be 
democratically used and controlled. 

When we are content to live in a society that is 
decadent, we are ourselves dead and decaying. 

There must also be a limit to the amount one 
generation can mortgage the lives and property of 
generations yet unborn. 

The protest of succeeding generations to such 
debts leads to war and revolutions and rightfully so. 
A social structure to be immune from wars must be 
founded on honorable conditions and organized upon 
an equitable contract between the brain-workers and 
the hand-workers. 

We must punish rascality here instead of the 
hereafter. 

Theology attempts to build a social structure by 
beginning with the roof. 

This has proven a failure. 



10 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

We hope to construct a society in whose faces 
shall be reflected joy and light instead of the pinch 
of want and misery. 

The wealth created by the labor of mankind 
should not be wasted on luxury and vain attempts 
to make commercial competition do the work of 
co-operation. 

Unless the credit of a nation benefits the individ- 
ual in it, instead of a few bankers who amass large 
fortunes by the manipulation of that credit, we are 
not going to succeed. 

When a community takes the risk of a man being 
born, it should be in a position to guarantee him a 
livelihood and see that he gets a decent burial. Old 
age pensions would take care of this. 

No set of men should be allowed to live in idle- 
ness and luxury at the expense of suffering humanity. 

This may be considered visionary but all true 
leaders of men in the past have been visionaries sev- 
eral generations ahead of their time. They suffered 
persecution, crucification, deportation and ex-com- 
minication but that did not deter them from their 
work. 

Civilized men will no longer accept the dicta of 
a system for whom their profoundest needs are 
sacrificed. 

To all who are enlisted in the cause of humanity, 
and interested in good government, who wish to per- 
petuate and improve this government which our 
forefathers purchased with their blood and be- 
queathed to us, this work is dedicated by the author. 

Dr. Alexander Chittick. 



tl 



Introduction 



In writing this little work I do not presume to 
hold the keys to all correct knowledge, but I do pre- 
sume the right to think and speak for myself, which 
is one of the privileges guaranteed to every citizen, 
of this republic, by our fathers, who organized this 
government, after years of study, into all forms of 
government that had existed on this planet up to 
that time. 

In those brave days of old we had statesmen in- 
stead of politicians, men of sterling worth who held 
their honor above the vested right of dollars and 
beyond a question of a doubt they set up the great- 
est government that has ever existed on earth up to 
the present time. 

Proud as we must be of the founders of this re- 
public we would indeed be stupid if we did not 
labor to keep unsullied the mantle of independence, 
which our fathers bequeathed to us and hand it down 
to our children and our children's children yet un- 
born to be with its honor unsullied while at the 
same time we should correct the constitutional de- 
fects which occur from time to time in the body 
politic the same as we would in our physical bodies 
as we grow and expand. 

Some of our dollar-damned patriots who worked 
for us during the late war for a dollar a year would 
have us think that the Constitution was hidden in 
the Ark of the Covenant, and the way many of our 
friends abuse some of its tenets such as the money 



12 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

clause, it could not have pleased them any better 
had it been deposited along with Aaron's rod, and 
the Pot of Manna, and the Book of the Law. 
Others would have you think the Great God of 
Moses dictated it to John Adams and Thomas Jef- 
ferson on Bunker Hill, which is nothing but po- 
litical bunk, for the very framers of the Constitu- 
tion made provision for its change. Article V of 
the Constitution provides for changes from time to 
time, when necessity requires it. 

While we honor the men who framed the Consti- 
tution, we know that times have changed and new 
problems have arisen. We cannot wear the out- 
grown mental garments from an age that is past. 
We are ruled today by laws made by men, who have 
been in the tomb, a hundred years. 

Entirely different conditions exist in contrast to 
those under which the authors of the Constitution 
lived. Were they to come back to earth today they 
would think they had discovered another planet. 

Each generation must fight its own battles. We 
cannot rely on the work of statesmen long since dead 
for our rights and liberties. 

I only wonder that the Constitution has stood the 
test so long and well under such rapidly changing 
conditions. 

Politicians and shyster lawyers were unknown 
when the Constitution was written. The honesty 
and integrity of our forefathers in carrying out the 
mandates of the Constitution and in electing honest 
men to office made the new republic a success. 

When the Constitution was adopted there were no 
trusts or civic federations. The great public service 



INTRODUCTION 13 

corporations such as the railroad companies along 
with thousands of others did not exist when the 
Constitution was written. 

At the present time these corporations dictate the 
policies of the national government and corrupt our 
legislators. 

The government was the strongest organization 
that existed at that time. 

At the present time w^e have dozens of corpora- 
tions and industrial institutions that control more 
wealth and wield more power than the central gov- 
ernment and instead of being controlled by the gov- 
ernment they control and direct it to suit their fancy. 
They imagine the government is run for their spe- 
cial benefit. 

By manipulation and political party legerdemain 
they nominate most of our public officers and direct 
the policies which they are to pursue when elected 
to office. 

Industrial imperialism is threatening our liberties 
and the wage slave has replaced the bond-man. 

The only hope the masses have to regain their 
liberties is the ballot. They must elect men to of- 
fice who will be as zealous in looking after the in- 
terests of the great mass of the people as the paid 
servants of the capitalists are doing at the present 
time. 

Do not be so foolish as to listen to radicals who 
preach revolution. 

Give me ten thousand trained men with machine 
guns, tanks, aeroplanes and poison gas and I will 
hold at bay every laboring man in the United States. 



14 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

The moral is — elect your own representatives to 
office and have laws passed to protect you the same 
as the capitalists do. 

Do not allow yourselves to be rocked to sleep by 
the sweet lullabies of boodling politicians, trust 
bought editors and labor union delegates on election 
day. 

Organized labor pays its leaders in this country 
sixty million dollars a year. 

That is a pretty big business within itself. Seems 
to me it would be better to have laws passed regu- 
lating wages and have compulsory arbitration boards 
to settle all disputes between capital and labor thus 
doing away with these walking delegates and loafers. 
For this and many other reasons I am making a 
feeble effort to explain a few defects in our govern- 
ment, which I hope will cause all who read this 
work to think for themselves and vote intelligently 
at least, so we may rise to the heights of free men 
worthy of this government, which our fathers erected 
and dedicated to bless us and our posterity. 

If we do not enlarge our liberties and perpetuate 
these free institutions which we inherited from our 
fathers we are worse than slaves. 

It is usually the case however with liberty as well 
as wealth that it seldom reaches the third generation. 

Men have been trying to reform the world with 
creeds, bibles and bullets for thousands of years. 

They have created Gods and Devils to scare peo- 
ple into paths of virtue. They have quartered, 
drawn, burned, flayed, hanged, preached, prayed and 
supplicated, built churches, jails and dungeons, 
crowned Kings and elected tramps to office, but thev 



INTRODUCTION 15 

have not succeeded in making people honest, temper- 
ate and industrious. 

The world is rilled with ignorance, poverty and 
vice, the trinity which will always counteract all 
efforts for good. 

Imbeciles are propagating families depending on 
Faith, Hope and Charity for sustenance. They have 
no intelligence, and feel no responsibility. 

Children are only accidents with them and as 
grown-ups fill the jails, insane asylums and crowd 
the scaffolds, a few are rescued by Faith and Charity 
but 90 percent are failures. 

Nature produces without intention, sustains with- 
out design and destroys without thought. 

Intelligence of man schooled in the wilderness of 
adversity is the only lever capable of rescuing man- 
kind and raising the moral standard. 

The only method by which we can prevent the 
ignorant, diseased and criminal element from filling 
the world is by emasculating weaklings, imbeciles 
and criminals and regulating birth control. 

Intelligence, conscience and reason should be the 
impelling motives of creation instead of the passions. 

Law can punish but cannot reform nor prevent 
crime. 

Religions have proved futile in the battle between 
vice and virtue. The lawyer, priest and hangman 
have had their day in court, and have been tried and 
found wanting. 

The only solution and savior left for the human 
race is Science. 

This will free woman and only welcome babes 
shall be born into the world. They shall be clasped 



16 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

by loving hands and suckle welcome breasts. The 
light of knowledge shall dissipate the shadow of fear. 
Virtue shall bask in the light and weeds that grow 
on the soil of ignorance shall disappear from the 
earth. 

Morality born of intelligence will refuse to per- 
petuate disease and crime. The prison doors shall 
be thrown open. State dungeons shall be filled with 
light and the shadow, of the gallows shall cease to 
curse mankind. 

Old age pensions shall replace the alms-house and 
our insane asylums shall be used for sanitariums and 
homes for the aged. The withered hand of want 
shall not be stretched for alms in a land of plenty 
with granaries bursting with bountiful harvests. 

Private charitable institutions working the public 
for graft, keeping 90 percent for themselves and giv- 
ing ten percent to the poor shall be a thing of the 
past. 

We shall have the intelligence to eliminate all 
private monopolies which serve the general public and 
run them for the benefit of all the people. Thus 
shall Virtue, Freedom and Intelligence rule the 
world. 

Again shall we stand with face toward the East 
and behold the rising sun of promise as we did in 
Life's morning. Then shall every atom in our re- 
generated bodies glow with divine life. Our martial 
music shall be the beating of our fearless hearts. 

We shall burst the manacles of fear, stand erect 
in the image of our Maker and face the future with 
a smile. Our religion shall be to imbide knowledge, 



INTRODUCTION 17 

develop the brain, defend the right, help the weak 
and father the fatherless. 

Our reward shall be transformation into a higher 
more perfect state of being which shall be no greater 
miracle than the transformation of a worm that 
crawls upon the ground and lives on decaying vege- 
tation into a beautiful butterfly which flits from 
flower to flower sipping sweet nectar fit for the Gods. 



19 



Declaration of Principles 

In the Republic of Tomorrow we hope to find a 
few material changes in our Constitution which I 
will mention and give my reasons for changing the 
Constitution along these lines and you may judge 
for yourself as to their feasibility. 

With these changes brought about in our form 
of government we will have an ideal Republic and 
will have lived up to the expectations of our fore- 
fathers who gave us our present form of government. 

The framers of the Constitution make no claim 
of infallibility nor to the gift of prophecy. Were 
they living today they would not hesitate to make 
the changes in the Constitution that I advocate 
which are absolutely necessary to restore free govern- 
ment to the great mass of our people. 

During the past fifty years on account of our 
rapid growth and industrial development, our 
natural resources and public service corporation have 
been monopolized by a few men and industrial im- 
perialism has almost replaced democratic control of 
our government machinery. 

These public service corporations influence legis- 
lation in their favor by political party legerdemain. 
They get control of the party machinery of the two 
leading parties and control the election of our rep- 
resentatives so they are very zealous in pleasing 
the Corporations and forget the will of the people 
whom they are supposed to represent. This is why 
we must formulate a system that will do away with 



20 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

political parties, and make our representatives ans- 
werable to the people who -elect them instead of 
the big corporations. As an example of misrepres- 
entation let us discuss the Eighteenth Amendment to 
the Constitution as to the method of adoption with- 
out reference to its feasibility. 

The leaders favoring this amendment gathered a 
large fund of money, formed a lobby at Washington 
and succeeded in getting it passed by both Houses 
of Congress. They lobbied it through the State 
Legislatures of the required number of states to 
secure its adoption and the masses of the people af- 
fected by it never had a chance to express their 
wishes in the case. In both Houses of Congress and 
all the State Legislatures of the 48 States there are 
not to exceed twelve thousand members when all are 
present. 

The votes were taken when scarcely a majority of 
the members were present. Thus you have nine 
thousand members of the various Legislatures mak- 
ing laws for one hundred million people. Not over 
ten per cent of the people at most in the United 
States are in favor of Prohibition. Do you call that 
Democracy. Therefore for this and other good and 
sufficient reasons I am going to advocate the follow- 
ing Amendments to the Constitution and give my 
reasons for same. 

First — Any person wishing to run for Represen- 
tative could have name placed upon the ballot by se- 
curing the names of 1% of the voters of his district 
on his petition, to which should be attached his plat- 
form. Not more than five of the first filed being 
placed on ballot, the one receiving the most votes 



DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES 21 

being declared elected and in case of vacancy the 
one receiving the next largest number of votes should 
be called to fill same. Any Representative subject 
to recall and his place rilled by the next in order 
when he is guilty of voting against the interest of 
his constituents and not for the principles he advo- 
cated in his platform. 

Second — I would advocate the dispensing with 
the United States Senate entirely. 

Third— I would advocate the formulation of a 
Tariff Board composed of experts, whose term of 
office should be for life unless recalled for good and 
sufficient reasons. This would take the tariff ques- 
tion out of politics. 

Fourth — I would change the function of the 
Supreme Court to an advisory capacity on all legis- 
lation before Congress as to the constitutionality of 
pending legislation so it would not have to be de- 
clared unconstitutional after the Nation had spent 
millions of dollars to have it passed. 

Fifth — I would advocate government ownership 
of all railroads, telegraph lines, cold storage and 
grain warehouses, thus eliminating the Board of 
Trade and Beef Trust allowing supply and demand 
to govern the markets. 

Sixth — I would advocate a government banking 
system in connection with the postoffice which would 
make every postoffice in the rural district a bank; 
with a checking system all over the United States 
which would compete with private banking institu- 
tions and in time eliminate them, thus releasing their 
grip on the public pocket-book. 



22 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

Seventh — I would advocate a Department of 
Labor with an Arbitration Board to settle all dis- 
putes between Labor and Capital. Its findings 
should be compulsory to both sides and should elim- 
inate all strikes and lock-outs. 

Eighth — I would advocate State Insurance and 
Old Age Pensions, the proceeds of the profits on In- 
surance policy being turned into the pension fund. 
This would eliminate private charities and graft 
and make men more industrious as only those with 
a good record should be entitled to a pension. 

Ninth — I would advocate a National Board of 
Health which would regulate the practice of medi- 
cine in the various states, look after the health of 
the people and have laws passed along the lines of 
Eugenics regulating birth control and venereal 
diseases by emasculation of the diseased and 
degenerates. 

These are my Declaration of Principles which I 
shall take up and deal with each one to the best of 
my ability trusting that this may prove a Beacon 
Light and guide the Ship of State safe into the Har- 
bor of Peace and Prosperity. 



23 



Salvaging Civilization 

The International Peace Conference at Wash- 
ington has made another attempt to settle the war 
question. We know that this is a step in the right 
direction and every effort that the world has made 
along these lines must be counted in the end when at 
last man reaches the summit of Mount Civilization. 

We also know that divers attempts to achieve 
world peace have been made in the past but we still 
have wars and rumors of wars. The Universal 
Church strove for sixteen hundred years to bring 
about the universal brotherhood of man is no more. 
All we have now is jealous fragments of this once 
powerful organization, ready to jump at each other's 
throats. 

When Old Stone Hatchet invented his first imple- 
ment of war by strapping a sharp edged stone to a 
stick, the pacifists sent up their plaintive cry for 
peace on the grounds that war w^as too dangerous. 

Coming on down to the Age of Iron, which 
brought swords and spears into the field of action. 
The cry again went up to peace upon the same 
grounds. 

Next, gun powder was invented and again we 
hear the cry of Peace, Peace but there was no peace. 

Coming on down to the present time before the 
world war the wise heads of scientific extraction, 
with a dignified look, boasted that there would be 
no more war and if there should be, they would 
make it so destructive to life that it would onlv last 



24 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

a few weeks. The fact of the matter is that it last- 
ed five years and the fighting was kept up day and 
night, which figuring on the basis of the actual time 
spent in battle would make it the longest war in 
the history of the world. 

While we hope that what is best for humanity 
will come out of this Peace Conference, we can see 
no signs of peace, in fact the world is not ready for 
peace. 

We have not yet arrived at the' stage of the uni- 
versal brotherhood of brothers alone the universal 
brotherhood of man. 

Civil wars will yet be waged and until men cease 
to fight each other who are protected by the same 
flag we cannot hope for men of different nations to 
cease their warfare. 

Neither do we think that universal peace would 
be a good thing until some of the differences which 
affect mankind have been adjusted for there is no 
other method under heaven and among men by which 
these differences may be settled after Rhetaricians 
have exhausted their supply of words but by the Law 
of Force. 

It is man's destructive energy — not his altruism 
that makes him absolute monarch of all he surveys. 

The Creator fashioned man for the purpose of 
suffering and inflicting pain. The human anatomy 
is an elaborate nerve and bone infernal machine, a 
superb engine of lethal immolation that automati- 
cally stokes its furnace fires with its victims. 

As long as men rush upon each other with hoarse 
war-whoops and blood-shot eyes as wild animals of 
the Jungles do, he is not ready for universal peace. 



SALVAGING CIVILIZATION 25 

Men still love to act the hypocrite too well to take 
much stock in peace talk. 

He will turn up the whites of his protecting eyes 
to heaven — weep crocodile tears over his mangled, 
bleeding adversary like an Australian kangaroo. 

He exultantly lilts his Te Deum, his Kyrie Elei- 
son, his Et. in terra pax, his Gloria Alleluia, while 
with blood-clotted jaw and distended paunch he, 
figuratively speaking, licks his gaping wounds. 

He marches forth to battle singing his national 
war songs just as the red-skinned Indian chants his 
vengeful ghost dance or the Moslem fanatic yells 
"Allah Akbar" while slicing up hated Christian dogs. 

Christ explicitly condemns the use of force and 
yet all existent nations were founded by that prin- 
ciple. 

Law courts and thrones are founded upon bayo- 
nets. Likewise all Statutes, Constitutions and moral 
Codes were established by the Sword. 

What the sword has established the sword must 
defend. 

Black, furious and tragic are the bloody annals of 
mans evolution and there is no rational evidence 
upon which to conclude that it will be otherwise 
for several hundred years. 

Under natural conditions there is no haven for 
the wretched, no hope for the weaklings, no resting 
place for the weary and no quarter for the 
vanquished. 

Life is a race for Power. With the normal man it 
is a pleasure to struggle, a pastime to fight. With 
the abnormal man it is otherwise — he meekly obeys 
public opinion, goes with the mob — he is one of the 



26 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

flock which are rounded up by the shepherds, for spe- 
cialists to castrate, and shearers to shear — dealers to 
purchase — or butchers to kill — his way leadeth 
through wire fence corals to abattoirs and finally 
"roast lamb and mint sauce" with fat Carnivores sit- 
ting around lapping blood and gnawing bones, figur- 
atively speaking. 

America must never be lead like a lamb to the 
slaughter pen. 

The supremacy of Living manhood must be boldly 
asserted and aggressively maintained as it was in 
the days of yore. 

"Woe to the vanquished", "Viae Victus", "The 
Survival of the Fittest", is true to nature. 

Legal and ethical barricades will not protect 
dwindings from the judgments they bring upon 
themselves. 

This world would be a frightful maggot-heap, if 
wars and plagues did not come burning up contem- 
porary infernalisms and pruifying the air. Thus the 
Highest Wisdom exterminates the enfeebled breeds. 

There is nothing diabolic about the elimination 
of the vile to make room for the sound in body and 
mind. 

Let us meet the issues of the day like brave, 
fighting men and not hide our heads in the sand like 
the hunted ostrich on an African karoo. No empiric 
reorganization of the social system — no fungus vir- 
tues — no scheme of redemption — no Israelitish Codes 
— can deliver whimpering defectives from the w T rath 
that is their just reward. 

Even now with the wreck of European Civiliza- 
tion smoldering in ashes, we would be foolish to 



SALVAGING CIVILIZATION 27 

think the struggle for existence ended. It is only 
begun. This Planet is in its infancy not decadence. 

The Kingdom of Heaven is not at hand. In- 
cessant is the rivalry for supremacy among men and 
nations. Not a single hour is there an Armistice. 
Eternal battle is the main condition upon which 
man and nations hold their life tenure. 

Therefore if civilization is salvaged let us as a 
nation resolve to not go to the Junk heap. 

It is well that we should scrap our obsolete battle- 
ships for all time regardless of what other nations 
do along this line. 

The last war demonstrated beyond the question 
of a doubt that the battleship is obsolete. 

Germany with her forty submarines kept Eng- 
land's boasted navy bottled up in the harbors and 
if she had had forty more she could have won the 
war beyond a question of a doubt. 

A first-class battleship costs approximately forty 
million dollars. This amount will build two hun- 
dred and ten submarines and three submarines can 
attack simultaneously and destroy any battleship 
afloat. 

It takes on an average, three thousand officers and 
men to man a first-class battleship speaking con- 
servatively. The salary and upkeep will average 
one hundred dollars per man each month or three 
hundred thousand dollars per month, or three 
million six hundred thousand per year. The life 
of a battleship is eight years. 

A battle ship is a bill of expense to build and 
maintain while a submarine requires only twenty- 
four men and is inexpensive. 



28 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

It has also been demonstrated recently by tests 
made by the U. S. government that an aeroplane 
may carry bombs large enough to destroy a first- 
class battleship even though they do not come in 
contact with it. 

Any congressman who votes to appropriate more 
of the people's money to waste on battleships, should 
be marked for defeat at the polls when he comes up 
for re-election. 

The next war will be fought with submarines, 
aeroplanes, germs and poison gas. This nation 
should develop sea-going submarine cruisers capable 
of a ten thousand mile cruise. 

We should build floating machine shops capable of 
carrying one thousand aeroplanes knocked down. 

These sea-going shops should have a flat deck al- 
most on a level with the water and should be capable 
of making thirty to forty knots per hour. These 
could cruise along unnoticed and discharge their 
fleet of aeroplanes from the deck close to the point 
of attack. These hornets of the sea could do their 
deadly work and return to the deck of this floating 
fortress. 

Such will be the warfare of the future and the 
nation that does not develop its fighting forces along 
these lines will be destroyed or become a satrapy to 
be taxed and looted by their conquerors. 

I believe we should have compulsory military 
training. Every boy between the ages of seventeen 
and twenty-one should be compelled to spend six 
weeks out of each year in intensive military training. 
Training camps should be established and main- 
tained in each state for this purpose. 



SALVAGING CIVILIZATION 29 

This would give us a well trained army at all 
times and would make better citizens and stronger 
and healthier men out of our boys. 

No boy would object to this system but would 
look forward with pleasure to the time spent in 
camp. They should receive a salary while in 
training. 

These are my sentiments along the line of national 
defense. If we establish the standard and line up to 
it we will be insured against attack and should it 
come we will be able to take care of ourselves. 

We seek no war of aggression, all we ask is to 
be left alone to enjoy peace and prosperity in this 
land of promise which our fathers bequeathed to us. 

If any nations wishing more territory would pur- 
chase it on an equitable basis it would be far cheaper 
than going to war and they would take no chance of 
losing, and humanity would be saved the awful price. 
What a wonder that some wise king never thought 
of this! 

Suppose the Kaiser would have carried on a cam- 
paign of propaganda among the small nations of 
middle Europe, which he no doubt wished to acquire, 
and then when the time was ripe, had bought off 
their decadent dynasties. He would have gone down 
in history as the greatest ruler of all ages and the 
civilization of Europe would have been advanced a 
thousand years for the peace of Europe can never 
be secure nor the business of Europe be on a prac- 
tical economic basis with so many petty nations ob- 
structing the avenues of trade. You require a half 
dozen passports to travel from London to Warsaw 
overland on a direct line. 



30 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

United States has gained billions of dollars in 
purchased territory where we would have lost bil- 
lions in war to acquire the same territory. Suppose 
we had forty-eight separate nations instead of states, 
we would be perpetually at war and economically 
as great a failure as Europe is today. 

The chief aim of society is to build an economic 
commonwealth of all peoples, not to furnish jobs 
for a lot of parasites. 

When all the people of the world realize this and 
begin to cooperate along these lines, civilization has 
reached the golden dawn and peace and plenty shall 
dwell upon the earth forever. 



31 



The Courts 



The Judicial power of the United States is vested 
in a Supreme Court and in such district courts act- 
ing under the Supreme Court as Congress from time 
to time, may deem advisable to carry on the Judicial 
business of the United States. 

The members of the Supreme Court are appoint- 
ed by the President and hold their office during life, 
if not removed for just cause. 

Each states has its Supreme Court and Judicial 
system acting under the Supreme Court, very simi- 
lar to the national with the exception that the Judges 
of the various state courts are elected to office. 

I believe all our Judges from the Supreme Court 
down, should be elected by the people and answer- 
able to the people for their official acts. They should 
be placed in nomination by the petition plan and sub- 
ject to recall. This would make them more zealous 
about the rights of the people instead of private 
interests. 

The function of the Supreme Court, especially in 
matters of legislation, their powers should be largely 
advisory. The Supreme Court should advise Con- 
gress as to the Constitutionality of all legislation 
before it is passed and should not have the power 
to repeal laws made by Congress after it has spent 
millions of dollars of the people's money in enacting 
such laws. 

Under the present statutes whenever a law is 
passed unfavorable to the money powers there is 



32 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

usually a joker in it, which makes it poossible for the 
Supreme Court to declare it unconstitutional. 

Some of our judges would be more careful about 
exercising the power of injunction if they were elect- 
ed by the people which they enjoined. 

The great trouble with this nation today is, that 
we have too many lawyers in our legislatures, mak- 
ing laws for us. Every time the legislature meets 
they are busy passing more laws, hence, year by year 
we feel the soil of freedom slipping from beneath 
our feet. 

It would be a good idea for this nation to suspend 
making laws for ten years and at the same time re- 
peal forty percent of the laws now on the statute 
books. This would enable the average good Ameri- 
can citizen to go through the day without violating 
enough laws to send him to jail for the balance of 
his natural life, were the law enforced on him. 

We might go back to the original Ten Command- 
ments very profitably, allowing the judge to decide 
what punishment should be meted out in each case. 
This would do away with red tape, we might get 
equal justice. 

The chief business of the average lawyer of today 
is to help lawbreakers to escape punishment. 

As a rule when a jury convicts a criminal and 
sends him to the penitentiary, the pardon board gets 
busy and if the sheriff does not hurry, the prisoner 
beats him back home. 

The pardon board should be abolished and when 
a man or a woman is a habitual criminal, they should 
be made to serve their full sentence without any ex- 
ceptions. 



THE COURTS 33 

The law of eye for eye, tooth for tooth, and life 
for life should be meted out, however, we should 
have a more human way of inflicting the death pen- 
alty than by hanging which is a relic of barbarism. 
Narcotics could be administered and the condemned 
party put to death without his knowing it instead 
of a snowing being made of the execution which is 
usually written up with the big headlines in the daily 
papers, which has a bad psychological effect on the 
community resulting many times in a repetition of 
the crime by some other degenerate. 

As a result of the advertising given a recent hang- 
ing in Chicago, four boys under sixteen have com- 
mitted suicide by hanging. 

I can't see what all the laws and lawyers have 
done to diminish crime and make living more equit- 
able. In fact the American Indian lived under 
favorable regime and was more law abiding before 
the advent of the w T hite man than we. 

When we are compelled to defend with our might 
the encroachment on the rights of others instead of 
depending on the courts, we are careful of our 
actions. 

For example, when an Indian Buck alienated the 
affections of some other Buck's squaw, he usually 
had to get out his scalping knife and fight it out with 
the other fellow the first time they met. This made 
him rather cautious with whose squaw he flirted. 

Every district should have a court of domestic 
relations where all cases involving the martial rela- 
tions should be tried. 

A law should be passed making it a capital offense, 
punishable by imprisonment for alienating the af- 



34 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

fections of a husband or a wife. It doesn't take a 
lawyer to see that this would do away with seventy- 
five per cent of the divorce cases. 

Law in the beginning was common sense and was 
written by sensible men. Now it is mostly nonsense 
written by lawyers. 

The shortest will ever written consisted of three 
words "All to Wife" and all the courts of England 
could not break that will. When some lawyer writes 
a four page will, the courts seldom have any trouble 
breaking it and when the court proceedings are over, 
the lawyers take the money and the relatives get 
nothing. 

Our present Judicial system reminds me of the 
fable about two cats quarreling over the division of 
a piece of cheese. The wise monkey was the Judge. 
He placed each piece of cheese on the balance and 
he took a bite of cheese off of the end that went 
down, in order to lighten it up, then this made the 
other end of the balance too heavy; so the play went 
on vise versa, until the cheese was all gone and the 
poor cats got none. 

I cannot help but think that the old bell ringing 
system of our primitive ancestors was just as expe- 
dient and oftimes more just than our present courts. 

In those days a bell was hung in the public square 
with a long rope that the smallest child could reach 
unaided. If someone did you wrong you went to 
the square and rang the bell, calling the city fathers 
together who decided your case and imposed the 
punishment on the spot. 

You did not have to take it from the Justice Court, 
through all the courts up to the Supreme Court 



THE COURTS 35 

where it is reversed, usually, and then you start all 
over again. By the time you finish, you are a second 
Rip Van Winkle ready to die with old age. 

After all that, does it not make you weary to hear 
some correspondence school lawyer get up on Inde- 
pendence Day and spread eagle about the Majesty 
of the Law and Equality before the law, with the 
Government and Law^s deriving all their powers by 
the consent of the governed. 

The Old Free Booters and Saxons who gave us 
the Common Law would have laughed themselves 
into hysterics at such statements. 

In the old days the size of a man's cleaver modi- 
fied the decision of the courts; now the size of his 
bank roll has a very soothing effect on statute law. 

It seems to be a habit with so-sailed civilized man 
to write Laws, Decalogues and Constitions. His 
greatest pastime is forging chains and fetters for 
himself. 

Our forefathers, as soon as they had thrown off 
the wooden political yoke of King George, forged a 
new one of solid steel to fit their necks and they have 
been busy ever since weaving a web of statute laws, 
which will sooner or later enmesh them hand and 
foot. Just as the spider weaves his web and when 
the autumn winds begins to blow, it breaks from the 
moorings, carrying it to destruction. 

Law is like religion, in this respect — the location 
decides, largely its legality. A Christian is an Infi- 
del in Turkey and a Turk is an Infidel in a Chris- 
tian country. Two-thirds of the human race are 
heathens according to our belief and we are heathens 
according to theirs. 



36 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

It is very much the same with the law. I doubt 
whether there is a codified crime on our statutes 
books that would be considered a crime in all parts 
of the world. For instance, Solomon placed theft 
among the professions, and I have come to believe he 
knew what he was talking about. Aristotle classi- 
fied robbery as a form of hunting. Moses did not 
allow the Jews to eat pork. Mohammed forbade 
the Turks to drink whiskey and Confusius forbade 
his followers to eat beef. 

The lawyers' business once upon a time consisted 
in keeping their clients out of trouble and prosecut- 
ing the law-breakers. At present they are busy keep- 
ing thieves and grafters out of jail and incidentally 
getting elected to the legislature so they can pass a 
few more insane laws to get people into trouble so 
they can get them out again. 

Our Grand Jury system is obsolete and a farce. 

According to law a man is considered innocent 
until declared guilty by a jury of his peers, but ac- 
cording to our system he is considered guilty until 
proven innocent. 

When suspected of a crime, the charge is made 
to the Grand Jury behind closed doors. He is not 
allowed to be present and defend himself. 

The jury, after hearing one side of the case, 
usually vote an indictment abainst him. He is 
thrown in a state dungeon and compelled to hire 
counsel and defend himself against the charge when 
many times he is proven innocent. This is a dis- 
grace to civilization. 

The Grand Jurors are chosen by the same method 
as the petit jurors, from the same class and it does 



THE COURTS 37 

not follow that they are any better judges as to a 
person's guilt or innocence than the latter. 

Crooked politicians and shyster lawyers get very 
busy when the time comes for the election of the 
Board of Supervisors and manage to get men elected, 
oftimes, that they can control. By this method they 
exercise control over the selecting of jurors which 
are selected by the Board of Supervisors. 

And still you hear some bone-heads wondering 
how juries could be fixed. 

Every city of ten thousand inhabitants and up- 
ward should have a municipal court. And when a 
person is accused of a crime and a warrant sworn out 
for his arrest, he should be immediately taken before 
the municipal court, a jury impaneled and given a 
trial without delay. 

The town clerk of each township should keep a 
list of all the voters in his township and draw them 
by number until all are used, then start with the 
first again. This would insure justice. 

These are a few suggestions for simplifying the 
laws which are on the statutes at the present time. 
We have far too many laws on the books at the 
present time. It is the multiplicity of laws that de- 
stroy a republic and destroys the majesty of the law. 
Moses covered all the law that has ever been written 
in his ten commandments. 

The statutes are full of dead laws at the present 
time. When laws cease to be in forced, they are 
dead. 

Our judges pay too much attention to precedent 
and code. 



38 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

The truths of yesterday are the falsehoods of to- 
day. This knocks out all precedents. 

Only the fundamental rights and wrongs remain 
and they are found in the Ten Commandments. 

A nation that is continually making laws w4iich it 
cannot enforce, will cease to exist. 

The will of the people should be the supreme law 
of the land. 

The people alone constitute the supreme tribunal 
in the last analysis. Any tribunal that forgets this 
fundamental principal is in danger. 

This is the primary cause of the downfall of all 
nations in the past. 

This is the one precedent that all courts should 
remember. 

The Republic of Switezrland has survived for 
several hundred years without a president. It has 
a legislative body composed of a House of Repres- 
entatives only. They have a model government. 

If we expect to perpetuate this nation for which 
our fathers shed their blood to establish and be- 
queathed to us as a heritage for all times, we must 
stand on the fundamental principles of Liberty, Jus- 
tice and Equality before the law, for all our people. 

If we forget these fundamental principles, we 
shall perish from the earth. 



39 



State Insurance and 
Old Age Pensions 

The Poor House or County farms as they are 
termed are a disgrace to twentieth century civiliza- 
tion for a number of different reasons. 

In the first place anyone with any self-respect will 
starve rather than become an inmate of one. 

Second — Any man who has spent the prime of 
his life laboring for the community in which he lives 
and has a good record is as much entitled to a pen- 
sion as the man who gets out and fights for the same 
society. 

Third — We can pension the inmates of our county 
farms and save the county money. 

Fourth — Under the pension system the person re- 
mains at home with the family and the money is 
distributed among the business men of his commun- 
ity instead of going into the pockets of politicians as 
is usually the case. 

Fifth — A number of private charitable institu- 
tions which keep fifty per cent of the money they 
collect are run on the subterfuge of helping the poor 
therefore we are taxed publicly and privately to help 
the poor and usually our private taxes exceeds our 
public taxes and we have our choice of paying it or 
being dubbed a cheap skate. 

If the state is taking care of the poor why the need 
of private charity. 



40 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

There should be no charity either public or pri- 
vate for the unfit. 

I believe that our government should be run and 
would be run if the fundamental principles I ad- 
vocate were adopted so that every able-bodied man 
could earn an honest living and lay in store for the 
winter of his life. 

If these opportunities existed and he did not avail 
himself of them and support himself and family he 
should be placed on a state farm and compelled to 
work and his family should be paid for his work. 

There should be no place in a well-organized so- 
ciety for parasites and drones and it should be re- 
membered that most people who operate private 
charitable institutions are parasites. 

On the other hand an honest industrious person 
who has worked hard until he is too old or incapa- 
citated by disease or injury should be entitled to a 
pension instead of a berth in some county farm 
where they make him work and feed him on stale 
bread and prunes until he passes from this vale of 
tears. 

I will venture to say I can take the money that 
is spent on the average county farm and pension every 
one of the inmates and save the county money. 

Another argument in favor of old age pensions is 
that it will make better citizens. A man that knows 
his pension depends upon his record will see to it 
that his record is above reproach. He will be proud 
and well he may be of the fact that he is a pensioner 
of the state. 

Old age pensions will prevent strikes and riots. 

One of the main reasons that we did not have a 



STATE INSURANCE 41 

railroad strike recently was the fact that many of 
the roads pension their employees and if they went 
out on a strike they would lose their seniority. The 
union leaders knew many of them would not strike 
on this account. 

These are a few of the many reasons why we 
should have old age pensions. 

In connection with old age pensions we should 
have state insurance. 

Every working man, who wishes to be on the pen- 
sion roll, should be compelled to carry insurance. 

The profits made from the insurance at an aver- 
age rate of ten dollars a year per thousand dollars, 
would pay all the old age pensions. 

Let us see how this works out. 

The present rate of insurance by the old line com- 
panies is so high that the average man who needs it 
cannot afford to carry it. 

A large percent of the money collected goes to pay 
high salaried officers, rents and incidental expenses. 

In one building in this city ten insurance com- 
panies maintain competitive offices and all pay high 
rents where one co-operative company could do all 
the work, cutting out all this expense. Any one 
whose brains would make good fertilizer can under- 
stand that. The actual mortuary cost of the oldest 
insurance company in the United States is four dol- 
lars and seventy-five cents a year all the others are 
less and a number of the old line companies own 
buidings which they built with the money they 
fleeced the public out of and the rents on these 
buildings pay their death claims. These are actual 
facts copied out of one of the little books the average 



42 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

insurance agent carries in his pocket. If you don't 
believe it ask him to show it to you. 

In the first place insurance companies don't take 
any bad risks. You must pass a first class physical 
examination before they will accept you. 

Now suppose a thousand men in your community 
organize a company and each one agrees to pay one 
dollar when one of their number dies. 

The death rate per thousand very seldom exceeds 
six and will come under that enough times to take 
care of any emergency when one member dies you 
take in a new one so you always have a thousand 
members if you take in a young man for each old 
man that dies, your average age will never increase. 
This makes your insurance cost you six dollars a 
year ; one of your members will act as secretary 
without pay or you can originate a reserve fund by 
paying in one dollar a year and the interest on it 
will more than pay expenses. Now can you see 
where the insurance companies make their money? 
If you can't you are incapable of understanding a 
self-evident truth. 

In the first place the government would issue a 
very simple policy, say a card that you may carry in 
your coat pocket. It will have a health and death 
certificate on one side and a very simple promise to 
pay on the other. No loopholes whereby the com- 
pany may keep from paying your death claim if you 
don't die the way they want you too. You take this 
card to your family physician and he fills out your 
health certificate. He does not need to be so parti- 
cular, for we can take the average working man and 



STATE INSURANCE 43 

make money on the deal and one man's family needs 
insurance as bad as another. 

You take your policy to the Postoffice, have Uncle 
Sam's Seal placed on it, pay ten dollars and you have 
one thousand dollars insurance paid up for one year. 
Very simple, easy as buying a postage stamp. If 
Uncle Sam had a hundred million such policies and 
he would have several hundred million, because some 
people would carry al they could get. On a basis of 
one hundred million with a profit of five dollars each 
he would make five hundred million dollars a year. 
We could pay off the war debt in twenty years and 
have enough left to keep up old age pensions. The 
old line insurance companies who have a mortgage 
on Uncle Sam won't like this idea very well, and they 
will take pains to see. You never get this legislation 
through unless you elect men to office that money 
cannot buy, and who hold the rights of the people 
above the vested rights of dollars. 



45 



Government Ownership 

The two most fundamental factors upon which 
Civilization depends are communication and trans- 
portation. 

Our forefathers lived close to Nature and sub- 
sisted mainly on the products of the soil. They were 
necessarily an urban population and had very few 
commodities to barter and exchange as there were 
no facilities of transporting goods except the navi- 
gable streams, hence the first cities were built on these 
waterways. 

With the invention of labor saving machinery and 
scientific devices for the production of things, the 
demand was created for a better means of transpor- 
tation of these articles which began to be produced 
in greater quantities than was necessary to supply 
the daily needs of the producers. 

Necessity is the mother of invention, hence the 
railroads came into the field of action. Railroads 
made it possible to carry commodities from the rural 
districts to the centers of civilization and our people 
began to move back into more fertile valleys and 
away from the navigable streams. 

Our forefathers were so anxious to get railroads 
that in many cases they subscribed enough money 
and donated large tracts of land to these corpora- 
tions which in many instances more than paid for 
the building of the road. 

This is how private interests got control of the 
means of transportation in this nation which should 



46 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

have been owned and controlled by the government 
in the beginning. 

Private owners can boast how they developed the 
unsettled territories but the fact of the matter is 
they never spent a dollar unless they could see where 
they get large returns and in most cases they bun- 
coed the people out of the land and capital to build 
the road. 

After the country began to be settled and the 
wealth accumulate as a result of the stimulus to 
trade, roads were built on a stock jobbing basis very 
much along the same lines that some of the wild-cat 
schemes are worked on the public at the present time. 

When any corporation is started by stock jobbers 
there is always twice as much stock sold or issued 
than would be necessary to start the business on a 
cash basis, hence the stock is watered one hundred 
per cent at the start and has to pay dividends on 
twice the amount of capital it represents. 

All of our railroad corporations, if run on an 
economic basis would pay a nice dividend of at least 
three hundred per cent of the assessed valuation. 

Watered stock, inefficiency, padded payrolls and 
highly paid officials that do nothing but draw their 
salary is what is affecting most of the railroads and 
other public service corporations at the present time. 

I can ruin the best business on earth if you will 
let me sell enough watered stock on it. This is one 
of the latest schemes in frenzied finance ; to take a 
prosperous business in which the public have estab- 
lished confidence, water the stock, unload it on an 
unsuspecting public, then walk off and leave it for 
them to run. 



GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP 47 

Most of our public service corporations have been 
water-logged. Now the railroads are raising rates, 
cutting salaries of the common laborers and inci- 
dentally working Uncle Sam for five hundred mil- 
ion a year to pay interest on watered stock. 

This shows who has the controlling interest over 
our legislators w T hen they pass such a nefarious bill 
as the Cummins-Esch Bill guaranteeing the rail- 
roads five per cent on their capital stock. 

If the government has to pay for running the 
roads why not fire a few of the high salaried officials, 
take over the roads, and carry freight free of charge. 
This would boom prices for the producers and give 
the consumers cheap commodities and every legiti- 
mate industry in the land would feel the impetus 
and have the comforts of just distribution. 

We paid for the railroads during the late war, 
fixed them up and then returned them to the owners 
with a blue ribbon tied on them, after they had 
proven themselves inefficient to move freight under 
private ownership for military purposes. 

Then we ran them on the good old plan of cost 
plus ten per cent and allowed all the high salaried 
loafers to stay on the job and do everything in their 
power to make the experiment a failure. 

I, personally, know of instances where the section 
force was increased from three to ten men on a 
section and where there were sometimes a boss to 
every laborer. 

After all that wild extravagance and waste of 
cnoney in September, 1919, the U. S. government 
made net profit of $3,391,419 after paying a guar- 
antee bonus to the owners of $74,352,978. 



48 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

Remember this profit was made with every pay- 
roll patriot on the roads doing everything in their 
power to make the proposition a losing game. 

Under government ownership, plenty of good men 
who know the railroad game from A to Z can be 
hired for ten thousand dollars a year as a maximum 
wage for superintendents and one man will do more 
real work than six do at the present time, most of 
them have a cheap clerk, who does all the work now. 

The railroad magnates will tell you that there 
would be too much politics mixed up in the business 
if the roads were run by the government. 

, That is what is the matter with the public service 
corporations, now. They spend too much money on 
public officials, buying franchises and corrupting our 
legislators in order to secure special privileges. 

I believe our representatives are honest and would 
remain so if it were not for these large corporations 
holding the whip-hand over them and eternally try- 
ing to block all legislation in the interest of the 
people. 

The people of Illinois have been trying to get a 
deep waterway for years but some power which, 
beyond a question of a doubt, is the railroads, has 
held up all legislation along this line or we would 
today see the flags of every nation floating up and 
down the Illinois river. 

In one year's time this waterway could be com- 
pleted from the lakes to the gulf. In fact most of the 
work to be done would be between Chicago and St. 
Louis and we have enough machinery rusting at the 
Panama Canal to do the work. 



GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP 49 

The channel of the river in Illinois could be made 
deeper and narrower so that the swamp land that 
would be drained and reclaimed would almost pay 
the entire expense and at the same time the health 
of the people along the river greatly improved in 
the process. 

One million acres would be reclaimed, which if 
sold for twenty dollars per acre would net twenty 
million dollars — the amount estimated to do the 
work. 

Of course, this would be hard on the railroads, 
which would have to compete w T ith water transpor- 
tation and they will never allow it to be completed 
if they can prevent it. 

It does not require a very wise head to figure 
that out. 

The railroads have a new source of w^orry at pres- 
ent and that is the automobile, thanks to the inven- 
tive genius of the American people, and w T ith the 
building of hard roads this bids fair to be the worst 
competition with which they have yet had to deal. 

No doubt they will soon try, if they have not al- 
ready done so, to block hard road building. 

They cannot succeed against the automobile by 
raising rates as this only makes business better for 
the auto. 

The only way to compete with the auto is to cut 
their rates. 

When the roads raised the passenger rates from 
two to three cents per mile, they cut down the traffic 
one-third. If they had cut their rates to one and 
one-half cents per mile they would have increased 
traffic fifty per cent and the auto could not compete. 



50 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

If the government owned the roads they would 
be run on an economic basis by cutting out interlock- 
ing directors, simplyfing traffic, direct billing of 
freight by shortest or quickest route, simplyfing the 
keeping accounts, doing away with four- fifths of the 
officials and carrying the mail free, the rates could 
be cut in half and we would make enough to pay 
for them in ten years. Bonds could be issued to pur- 
chase the roads and the railroad's employees would 
subscribe for the entire issue in twenty-four hours. 
We could save one hundred millions a year carrying 
the mails alone. 

If anyone is so dense as to think that government 
Ownership is not a success, ask him if he would like 
to see the postal business transferred to private 
hands. 

The government makes a profit on all first-class 
mail matter and you can send a letter to any part 
of the United States for two cents. Under private 
ownership it would cost fifty cents. 

The telegraph companies which are privately own- 
ed charge on an average of fifty cents to send a mes- 
sage and the expense of transmitting it is not as 
great as sending a letter. 

I can send three hundred ten word messages a day 
from Chicago to New York and have done it. A 
man at the other end receives them and a five dollar 
a week boy delivers them. The cost is fifty cents 
per message and the average pay of an operator is 
five dollars per day. Figure out the profits yourself. 
That is not all. 

The Company duplexes the circuit which means 



GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP 51 

four men work on one wire and at the same time 
they use it for telephone work. 

They have twenty strands of wire on a single line 
of poles. Pretty soft for the telegraph companies. 

Under Government ownership we could send mes- 
sages to any part of the U. S. for ten cents per mes- 
sage on an average, employ five times as many op- 
erators and the government would make an enormous 
profit out of the business. 

People would then use the telegraph exclusively 
for business. 

This is common horse sense and when we get 
civilized we will cease to allow private interests to 
exploit us along these lines but on the other hand 
will make enough profit out of the business to pay 
the running expenses of the government and will 
eliminate the tax question. 

The money we spent in the last war would pur- 
chase and electrify every railroad in the U. S., build 
hard roads and deep waterways, construct dams, and 
power plants to furnish electric power to run the 
roads and furnish light and heat for the entire nation 
making this a paradise far more beautiful than Eden. 

The money would have all been spent in this 
country making the greatest wave of prosperity this 
nation has ever seen. 

The following is a record of what public owner- 
ship has done with street-car system in San Fran- 
cisco which is a fair example of what is being done 
in other cities which own and operate their own 
street-car system. 

San Francisco's publicly owner street-car lines, 
after seven years of highly profitable operation on 



52 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

a five-cent fare, piling up surplus, building exten- 
sions from earnings and granting generous wage 
increases, are "breaking even" on the nickel today, 
when all private owned street-car systems have raised 
their rates. 

The rosy road of financial success, traveled since 
1912 by the municipal system on a five cent fare, has 
ended at the precipice of high cost of labor and ma- 
terials. Here the Municipal Railways of San Fran- 
cisco are poised between the solid ground of black 
ink profit and the depths or red ink deficit. 

But no need of an increase of fare is seen by of- 
ficials in charge of the city's transportation system. 
In fact, they are inclined to hold an optimistic view 
of the present-day financial condition of the road 
and express the belief that it may soon again forge 
ahead of the rather doubtful position of "breaking 
even" on the nickel, at the low prices for labor and 
materials in 1913 and 1914. And the municipal 
railway money was cheap money; the bonds bear 5% 
interest and must be sold at a premium. The sys- 
tem was constructed and started on a cost basis of 
$110,000 a mile of single track, including cars, 
equipment and fireproof car barns. 

Cars started operating on the five miles of double 
track from the heart of the downtown district to a 
well popuated residential district on Dec. 12, 1912. 
Today the road operates some 200 large modern, 
double-end prepayment cars over ten main lines to- 
taling about sixty-three miles of single track con- 
struction and carries an average of sixty million pas- 
sengers a year and pays approximately $1,200,000 
annually in wages and salaries to employees. 



GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP 53 

During these seven years the municipal railways 
have shown a continued healthy growth in revenue 
and continued popularity. Earnings per car mile 
and earnings per car hour have continued to increase. 
The amount set aside from earnings as a surplus has 
continued to increase up until the middle of this year, 
despite increasing prices for both labor and materials. 

The railways have paid interest on the two bond 
issues, have redeemed $707,000 of these bonds and 
are now paying off the bonded indebtedness at the 
rate of $201,000 a year. They have provided the 
money for keeping up the property in the best of 
condition and in addition have furnished all the 
money necessary for the construction of eighteen 
miles of new track in extensions to the system. 

And throughout, like every other industrial enter- 
prise, the municipal system has had to reckon with 
the increasing cost of labor and materials. Like 
every one else, it has had to pay the 100 per cent 
increase in the cost of materials that has taken place 
during the last few years. But more than the aver- 
age public utility has it been forced to meet rising 
labor costs. 

In two years, without strikes or walkouts, the 
system has met the rising union wage scale on four 
successive occasions with increases that total an in- 
crease in operating cost of more than $43,000 
monthly — $516,000 a year. And this, to the pres- 
ent administration of city officials, is one of the 
reasons for w T hich they are so proud of the record of 
the municipal railways — their ability to pay the 
union wage scale to platform men, trackmen and 
car repairers and still operate on a five cent fare. 



54 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

All this has been done during the past five years 
while the war was going on and the prices soaring, 
while the street-car systems of nearly every other 
city in the United States have raised their rates, in 
many instances, to 8 cents in spite of the fact that 
the franchise under which they operated specified a 
5 cent fare. Why give these public service corpor- 
ations a franchise which the people are compelled to 
obey while the corporations violate it with impunity. 

Every city in the United States should amend 
their constitution so as to prohibit the granting of 
franchises to any corporation. This would eliminate 
seventy-five per cent of the graft and insure better 
service. 

The trouble with the railroads is inefficiency over 
capitalization and too many parasites drawing large 
salaries without producing anything in return. 

Mr. Ford has proven this by taking a coupe of 
streaks of rust that had not paid a dividend for 
years, and put it on a paying basis in six months ime 
by applying practical business methods. He reduced 
rates and raised the salaries of the producers and 
fired the chair warmers that were drawing large 
salaries and doing nothing in return for same. 

It is amusing to see Uncle Sam handing over half 
a billion dollars to roads that are paying their presi- 
dent more than the president of the United States 
while they have been raising rates and cutting wages 
of the workers and on the other hand Mr. Ford is 
stopped from further reduction in rates by the 
government. 

The physical valuation of the railroads by the 
Interstate Commerce Commission indicates that the 



GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP 55 

railroads are greatly over capitalized, perhaps more 
than seventy per cent on an average of their physical 
valuation. 

The railroad owners estimate their total valuation 
at about twenty billion dollars where in reality their 
physical valuation is about eleven billion dollars. No 
wonder they cannot pay dividends with so much 
watered stock. 

It is estimated that twenty-six hundred high sal- 
aried officers including presidents and treasurers 
draw twenty-six million dollars in salaries per an- 
num or eighty thousand each per annum on an 
average. 

Under government ownership a dozen good men 
could do the work. One president for all the roads 
at a salary of ten thousand a year would be quite a 
saving. And there are hundreds of good men that 
would be glad to get the job. What kind of a sys- 
tem is it that will tax the people to pay private mo- 
nopolies for their loss in running their business 
especially when it is due to mismanagement and 
extravagance ? 

It is time for the people to wake up and mark 
every representative for defeat at the polls that votes 
for such piratical laws. 

Taxation without compensation is as bad as tax- 
ation without representation which our forefathers 
rebelled against. 

Taxing the people to pay swivel chair artists $52 
an hour for a four hour day and reducing the work- 
ers' wages of sixty cents an hour for a eight hour 
day is a joke and that is precisely what has been done. 
Some system. 



56 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

Another evidence of the need of public ownership 
of railroads is shown by Mr. Stetson in his farewell 
address to The Maine State Grange. 

The Maine Central Railroad has demanded an 
increase in freight and passenger fares, alleging that 
the necessity for these increases exists on account of 
the general financial depression and an increase in 
taxes and w^ages and other causes beyond the control 
of the railroad. 

It seems that the state of Maine has been favored 
by the existence of a very intelligent and outspoken 
master of the Maine State Grange, who is Mr. C. 
S. Stetson. Mr. Stetson discussed this demanded 
increase of rates and car fares. 

He denied that the real necessity for it lay in 
causes beyond the control of the railroad. 

He asserted that the necessity for it lay in the 
consequence of gross mismanagement or worse on 
the part of the railroad. 

He cites some exceedingly interesting and illumi- 
nating facts, which every citizen of New England 
and of the United States ought to read, because they 
are of a character not exceptional, but are typical 
of the private management of other railroads. 

They not only occur in Maine, but in New 
Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachu- 
sets and New York and in every state where there 
is a railroad. 

They have been the cause of the bankrupting of 
nearly every railroad of this country, not once but 
several times. 

It is out of such mismanagement and such rail- 
road ruin as is caused by such mismanagement, and 



GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP 57 

out of the profits of the reorganization of bankrupted 
railroads, that our great private fortunes have arisen 
— fortunes so enormous as to establish a class in this 
country and class distinction and inequality in social 
power which threaten the very foundations of our 
republic. 

Those who hesitate to accept public ownership 
for fear that the people might not manage the rail- 
roads as efficiently as private business could manage 
them ought to study these investigations of private 
railroad management. 

They ought to read the investigation which took 
place in New Hampshire of the expenditures of the 
Boston and Maine money to control Republican 
national delegates to nominate a President, and the 
investigation in Massachusetts, and they ought to 
read up the trial of the New Haven directors which 
took place at that time in the state of New York. 

Next in importance, from an economic stand- 
point, to government ownership of the means of 
transportation is government ownership of the ware- 
houses and cold storage plants which regulate the 
food supply of the nation. 

There is too great a difference in the price which 
the producer gets for his products and what the con- 
sumer pays for these necessities of life. 

At the present writing eggs which were bought up 
for twenty cents per dozen are selling for sixty cents 
per dozen. 

A chicken which the farmer sold for fifty cents 
is retailing for one dollar. A farmer sells a lamb in 
Colorado for 75c and pays 80c for one lamb chop 
in Chicago. 



58 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

Hogs are selling on foot for nine cents and retail- 
ing at fifty cents over the butchers' block. 

Potatoes and apples rotting on the ground in the 
rural districts and selling in the stores for a nickel 
a piece. 

The middle man is robbing both the producer and 
the consumer. 

Profiteers are speculating on food stuffs while the 
poor people are starving. 

With government ownership of the warehouses 
and cold storage plants regulating the time these 
products are allowed to remain would rule the 
markets. 

Under government ownership of the ware-houses 
and cold storage plants, the producer could store his 
products with the government and draw on the gov- 
ernment giving these products as a security. This 
would be a means of establishing rural credits to the 
producers of food stuff which has been denied them 
in the past and they are compelled to sell these com- 
modities many times on a declining market. 

Manipulators manage to force the markets down 
until they have bought most of the farmers products 
and then they raise the market price and rob the 
consumer. 

By this method these stock jobbers and gamblers 
rob the people out of millions of dollars annually. 

They are a bunch of parasites that never produce 
anything and should be dealt with the same as any 
other common gambler. 

The packing industry should also be run in con- 
nection with the cold storage plants. 



GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP 59 

The government could establish abattors and cold 
storage plants in the large cities or centers of pro- 
duction. The farmers could ship his stock to the 
nearest packing house and have them slaughtered 
and placed in cold storage plants and the consumer 
could go direct to these pants and purchase these 
commodities, thereby cutting out the middle men 
who are at present organized to rob the producer 
and consumer. 

The government could sell the by-product from 
the abattors for enough to pay the running expenses 
of the plant. 



61 



Congress 



Our government at present is composed of three 
distinct heads. Namely — the Legislative, Executive 
and Judicial. Congress consists of the Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

The three departments of our government do not 
function smoothly at all times as they were intended 
by the men, who framed the Constitution. Fre- 
quently they have been at loggerheads. In Andrew 
Jackson's time Congress exercised the whole power 
of government. 

Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Wilson on the other hand 
directed or dictated some legislation during their 
terms of office. 

Having a double-headed Congress does not help 
matters. In fact it retards legislation which is slow 
enough already. 

Our forefathers thought they ought to have a 
Senate, with indirect election taking the place of 
heredity, because England, the only government with 
which they were familiar had a House of Lords. 

The British have succeeded in reducing their King 
to a figure head without any power and the House 
of Commons, which is analogous to our House of 
Representatives, is the real ruling power in England. 

We should have the legislative function of the 
government vested in the House of Representatives 
and they should be a representative group of all our 
people instead of being composed mostly of lawyers. 



62 



THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 



The following is a list of the make-up of both 
houses of our present Congress. 



Senate. 

Lawyers 60 

Doctors i. . 2 

Business 5 

Journalists 8 

Farmers . .. 7 

Bankers . 3 

Manufacturers .... 2 

Educators ........ 2 

No occupation 7 



Total 96 



Representatives. 

Lawyers 263 

Doctors 3 

Business ,. .,. . 39 

Journalists ........ 20 

Farmers 11 

Bankers . 12 

Manufacturers .... 15 

Educators 15 

Railroad 2 

Not listed . 47 

Moulders 1 

Hatters . ., 2 

Labor organizers . . 2 

Engineers 2 



Total 435 

That is not a very representative group with the 
professional men which consists of 1%% of the popu- 
lation furnishing 75% of the representation. 

How can lawyers make laws for farmers and coal 
miners when they never drove a mule or worked in 
a mine. 

Now in order to get the various groups of our 
people represented we must nominate our Congress- 
men by petition which shall be non-partisan. Any 
citizen who has attained the age of 35 years and has 
been ten years a resident of the U. S. a legal resi- 
dent and voter in the State and District where he 
circulates his petition shall be entitled to have his 



GONGRESS 63 

name on the ballot provided the first five in the or- 
der filed shall be all that are placed on the ballot. 
The one receiving the largest number of votes being 
declared elected. This will give men who represent 
the different vocations a chance to circulate their 
petitions among their friends to have their names 
placed on the ballot. This system of nomination 
will be inexpensive thus enabling a poor man to run 
for office which is not possible under the present 
system. 

This system will save the State and Nation thous- 
ands of dollars in election fees as our present primary 
system is almost equivalent to election or in other 
words, a party has to be elected twice and the pri- 
mary ballot makes a voter declare his politics, which 
is a scheme of the political bosses to keep up politi- 
cal parties and perpetuate themselves in office. It 
is sheer nonsense for two men working side by side 
at the same work for the same pay to belong to dif- 
ferent parties. Just as long as political gangsters 
can keep you shut up in the high enclosures of your 
respective parties, going to the polls on election day 
and killing each other's votes instead of voting for 
a man who stands for your interests, just so long as 
they can feed you that political pap they will keep 
you in industrial slavery and every year your liberties 
will grow weaker and your chains stronger. 

Will you be forever rocked to sleep by the sweet 
lullabies of boodling politicians or will you learn to 
use the ballot before it is too late. 

Arise from your slumbering, lethargy and go forth 
to battle with facts for bullets and arguments for 
swords. Begin by electing representatives to office, 



64 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

who will see that these amendments are enacted and 
the freedom of our fathers once more established and 
firmly rooted in this Nation. 

The petition system should apply in the nomina- 
tion of all public officers from the President down 
to the smallest township office. This will do aw^ay 
with political parties, and give the poor man an equal 
chance with the rich man. 

This system will also restore representative gov- 
ernment for a person wishing to run for office will 
be compelled to circulate his petition among his 
friends, who will naturally be those associated with 
him in business. All trades and vocations will have 
their candidate for each office. 

A lawyer would be unable to get miners, me- 
chanics and people engaged in other vocations on 
his petition, hence we could eliminate a few lawyers 
from public office. 

This would be an advantage over the group sys- 
tem of nominating officials advocated by some. In 
fact, it w r ould result in each group or class of indi- 
viduals being able to place a candidate in nomina- 
tion if they so desired. 

This system would also keep Wall Street from 
nominating all our Presidents for us as each man 
wishing to run for President would have to circulate 
his petition in the various States and as many as 
wished could petition, allowing only five names to 
be placed on the ballot in the order in which they 
were drawn. The placing of the names of petition- 
ers in nomination for the office of President and 
Vice-President should be done by drawing. Each 
petition should be numbered and the number of 



CONGRESS 65 

each put into a capsule. These numbers should be 
drawn from a closed container by the Chief Justice 
of the Supreme Court, in the presence of the House 
of Representatives. 

The party receiving the majority of all the popu- 
lar votes should be declared elected President and 
the next in order, Vice-President. 

This system would revert back to the original 
scheme of our fathers and do away w T ith the Elec- 
toral College, which is only another pet scheme of 
the politicians. Such a thing as a tie would not hap- 
pen once in a thousand years. 

It would not be a bad idea to place fifteen names 
on the ballot and select the Cabinet officers from this 
number, in order of their importance as in case of 
death of both President and Vice-President they be- 
come President in the order specified by the Consti- 
tution, without the people having anything to say 
about it. The people should also have something 
to say about who is at the head of the departments 
of government. 

When we get a people's government — in which 
there will be no independent president and no auto- 
cratic judiciary, but only a governing people's Con- 
gress, composed of representatives elected by the will 
of the people, this will insure, for the most part, 
useful, sensible and progressive legislation. 

As things now stand, no group of independent 
voters in the country has a single word to say in 
shaping legislation or in shaping domestic or foreign 
politics. The only thing they can do is to go to the 
polls and vote for Democratic organization policies or 
Republican organization policies, or stay at home if 



66 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

they do not like either of those policies. They are 
citizens, and they have no voice in public affairs. 
They are voters, and they have no way in which to 
make their votes count. 

So there is in reality, nothing in the assumption 
that the only way to keep a democracy stable is to 
divide the powers of government. 

As a matter of fact, our present form of govern- 
ment is not a democracy at all. 

The Supreme Court has autocratic powers and 
does exactly as it pleases. And since its members are 
not elected by the people, and are not responsible to 
the people, and cannot be removed by the people, the 
people have no control over it at all. That is why 
its powers should be advisory on legislative matters. 

The President is elected every four years. But 
when he gets his seat he can do, and does do, very 
much as he pleases, and there is no way to hinder 
him or to stop him from doing things that displease 
the people except to invoke the constitutional provis- 
ions for impeachment. And it is useless to appeal to 
impeachment as long as the President can find as 
many as one-fourth of the Senators to shield him. 
And, as the President, in the very nature of the case, 
is the leader of a very strong party — or else he would 
not have been elected — he is practically certain to 
have much more than a fourth of the Senate in his 
political train. So that practically the people have 
no control over the President's policies during the 
four years of his term. 

Then there is another, and a worse, feature of 
our present form of government — one that has 
grown up outside of the Constitution, and which the 



CONGRESS 67 

men who made the Constitution never had in con- 
templation. That is the irresponsible Cabinet min- 
istry which now surrounds the President. 

We have just finished a war with Germany. It 
was a very costly war. Our children will be work- 
ing to pay for it long after we are all dead. Mr. 
Wilson discovered that the reason we had gone to 
war was that the German Government was an autoc- 
racy. It was a rather surprising discovery, because 
most of us, up to that time, believed that we had 
gone to war with Germany, because German sub- 
marines killed our citizens. 

As a matter of fact the German Empire was not 
an autocracy. It was a Constitutional Empire of 
federated States, twenty-six in number, and had an 
elected Reichstag with constitutional powers very 
similar to those of our House of Representatives, 
and an Imperial Bundesrat composed of members 
sent by the twenty-six States, just as our States send 
Senators, and with powers very similar to those of 
our Senate. And it also had a Cabinet Ministry, 
appointed by the Emperor, just as our Cabinet Min- 
istry is appointed by the President, and responsible 
to the Emperor and not to the German Parliament, 
just as our Cabinet is responsible to the President 
and not to the American Congress. In fact, the 
Constitution and the Government of the German 
Empire were as like the Constitution and the Gov- 
ernment of the United States as it was possible for 
a hereditary Imperial Government to be like an elec- 
tive Republican Government. 

The German Government was in theory a purely 
Constitutional Government, yet in practice it was 



68 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

far more autocratic than the Constitution contem- 
plated that it should be. All the autocratic powers 
which the Emperor exercised came into existence 
through an irresponsible Cabinet Ministry. That 
was the only autocratic feature which finally led to 
the destruction of the German Government. 

Certainly the history of the German Empire shows 
that there can be no worse and no more dangerous 
feature of government than a Cabinet Ministry ap- 
pointed by and wholly responsible to the executive 
head and absolutely beyond the control of the Con- 
gress or of the people, and yet that is exactly what 
our own Cabinet Ministry is. The President ap- 
points his Cabinet Ministers. If the Senate should 
happen to refuse or to reject one of his nominees, 
custom and the Constitution permit the President 
to keep the offensive Cabinet Minister in power, 
simply by continuing to reappoint him, in which 
case he would go on exercising the authority of his 
office in the interims between whatever refusals to 
affirm his nomination the Senate might make. There 
is no way at all in which the President can be pre- 
vented from appointing any Cabinet Minister whom 
he chooses to appoint, nor is there any way at all in 
which a Cabinet Minister can be put out of office ex- 
cept by the President. So that the whole Cabinet 
Ministry is absolutely dependent upon the Presi- 
dent's good will and favor, and is absolutely beyond 
the reach of either the Congress or the people. 

If we intend to have in the future free demo- 
cratic government which will actually be chosen by 
the people and will be at all times responsible to 
the people, we must abolish our present system. 



CONGRESS 69 

If we adopt the plan of government by a Congress, 
elected by the whole people voting in representative 
groups, and at all times under the immediate con- 
trol of the whole through the use of the initiative, 
the referendum and the recall, we shall then be not 
only a democracy, which we never have been, but we 
shall have a government of the people, for the peo- 
ple and by the people that will endure as long as 
free man shall exist on this planet, and shall be a 
model for the oppressed of all nations to copy after 
in formulating a government where the rights of 
men are held above the vested rights of dollars. 

The plan of government which I propose gives 
all powers to the Congress and makes the Congress 
consist of one House only. In other words, it pro- 
poses to eliminate the senate which has been called a 
rich man's club. 

At the time when our fathers formulated our sys- 
tem of government, it was universally thought that 
the only way to ensure the stability of free govern- 
ment was to separate the executive, the legislative 
and the judicial powders and confine each to a sep- 
arate department of the government. 

The Swiss Republic, which is the oldest democ- 
racy in the world, has got along very well and pre- 
served its liberties for more than six hundred years 
without any such separation of powers — without 
any president, without any autocratic judiciary and 
with all power in the national legislature. 

The British Empire is another example. For 
while the powers of government in the British Em- 
pire are theoretically divided, they are, as a matter 
of fact, all lodged in the House of Commons. The 



70 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

King has long been a mere figure-head and., it might 
be added, that the present one is admirably fitted by 
nature to play the role. 

In theory, the House of Lords can reject, and 
thereby veto an act which the House of Commons 
has passed. It doesn't do anything of the kind and 
wouldn't dare to try. 



71 



The Tariff Question 

The Tariff Question has been the bone of con- 
tention between the Republican and Democratic 
parties for the past fifty years, one party standing 
for a high Tariff and the other for Tariff for rev- 
enue only. 

To the mind of a thinking individual he knows 
it to be mainly used as a subterfuge to divert the 
mind of the great mass of the people from the real 
issues and to keep them divided in their opinions so 
the minority can rule. 

Can you imagine anything quite as foolish as the 
masses to be divided on issues which affect the wel- 
fare of the whole people. 

Simple Simon knows what's good for the goose 
is good for the gander and any person whose brains 
are fit for fertilizer should know that a Tariff that 
is good for him would be good for his neighbor also. 

Politicians who suck the public teet and fatten 
on pork barrel politics must have issues to bunco the 
public with, so the Tariff question furnishes a good 
line of political pap. 

They can tell you all about the Tariff when they 
are running for office but when they get to Wash- 
ington they have to hire experts to figure out the 
Tariff question for them. 

That is why I am in favor of keeping experts on 
the job all the time and saving the country millions 
of dollars yearly while at the same time business will 



72 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

not be disorganized every four years by impending 
Tariff legislation. 

For example, the present Congress has been at 
work nine months framing a new Tariff law and 
at least three more months will elapse before they 
get anywhere. The salaries and expenses for Con- 
gress will exceed half billion dollars, while working 
on this law, and business will not get adapted to the 
new Tariff until another administration takes office 
and it will have to be changed all over again. 

If any person who reads this article can show me 
where there is any sense to such a system then I lay 
no claim to intelligence. 

We should have a Tariff board of paid experts 
one from each state which should hold their office 
during life. They should be appointed by the Gov- 
ernor of their respective states and meet at least 
once a year to regulate the Tariff on certain articles, 
the same as a large business concern would regulate 
their prices to meet changing conditions. 

The Tariff should be flexible so it may be regu- 
lated to meet supply and demand. If we have a 
short crop on a certain commodity, the Tariff should 
be lowered on that commodity. If some individual 
or combination corners a certain article as they have 
frequently done in the past, the Tariff should be 
lowered and the combination and the corner will 
fail. 

This system would forever do away with trusts 
and corners on commodities and save the public from 
being fleeced out of millions of dollars yearly. Sup- 
ply and demand would rule the markets. 



THE TARIFF QUESTION 73 

It takes the same effort to grow wheat in one 
part of the earth as it does in another. Therefore, 
the only difference in price should be in the cost of 
labor that it takes to produce it. Furthermore a 
laborer requires as much food and effort to produce 
a bushel of wheat in one country as another, there- 
fore the difference in the cost of production must be 
regulated by the government under which he lives. 
The nations of the world should strive for a uni- 
versal standard of money. A dollar should be a 
dollar in any country in the world, same coin, same 
weight, same standard, but stamped with the stamp 
and printed in the language of the nation coining it. 
This would be as great a move toward peace and 
prosperity as anything that has taken place in thous- 
ands of years. 

Then we could regulate the standard of wages 
the world over, as well as the cost of production 
which would eliminate the Tariff question, as the 
politicians say the Tariff should represent the dif- 
ference in wages in the countries producing the 
article. 

A business concern that would regulate their 
prices like we run the Tariff question could not stay 
in business six months. Whoever heard of a busi- 
ness firm setting a schedule of prices, say for four 
years, then taking one year to change them. To 
meet the changing conditions, a man who would run 
his business thus would soon have a conservator ap- 
pointed and his heirs would lock him up until his 
sanity returned. But this is the very method by 
which we handle the Tariff question, which repres- 



74 SOCIAL EVOLUTION 

ents the business of the nation and affects the welfare 
of all the people. 

I do not claim to be a prophet or the son of a 
prophet nor a very profitable son, neither do I claim 
to hold the keys to all correct knowledge, but I do 
lay claim to a little horse sense, which I have gained 
in the school of adversity and these are my senti- 
ments along this line. Think it over and pass it 
along. 

Let us strive to raise the percentage of the voters 
who think for themselves and vote as they think from 
Edison's 2% to at least 10% in the next five years. 

Think for yourself and vote the way you think, 
regardless of politics. Free men never allow them- 
selves to be guided by the dictation of others. Let 
your conscience be your guide, and vote for prin- 
ciples instead of political parties. 

If we work together along these lines, we may 
keep this government of the people and by the peo- 
ple, which our forefathers created and bequeathed 
to us, from perishing from the earth. 



75 



National Bureau of Health 

In the Republic of tomorrow, we shall have a 
department of health. 

The duties of this department will be to regulate 
the practice of medicine, keep records of the vital 
statistics of the nation, and carry on a campaign of 
education along the lines of health, Hygienics and 
Eugenics. 

This department shall have a legal jurisdiction in 
all matters pertaining to the health and longevity of 
our people. The national department of health 
shall establish a universal standard of education for 
all those who wish to treat human ailments within 
the jurisdiction of the United States, and the sec- 
retaries of the various State Boards of health shall 
be subordinate to the National Board of Health. 

Having a prescribed course of study for all those 
who study the healing art before they can be licensed 
to treat human ailments, will eliminate all cults 
which exist at the present time and prey upon the 
sick. 

The public of the United States are fleeced out 
of every one hundred million dollars per year with 
quack nostrums and patent medicines. Not one in 
a hundred of which have any efficacy whatever and 
many of which do untold injury to the sick. 

Patent medicine and pork has killed more people 
than whiskey. 

The Hypochondriac who sits around sucking a 



76 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

bottle of the latest brand of patent medicine is worse 
than the toper who sits around sucking the whiskey 
bottle. 

We will pass this phase in the function of our 
National Board of Health, and take up the ques- 
tion of Eugenics and its relation to the prevention 
of disease, crime, insanity, immorality, etc. 

Under our present system we have a department 
of animal industry which looks after the health and 
breeding of animals, but no department of health 
which functions along the same lines in the human 
family. 

I have known an instance last year where a farmer 
had a thoroughbred cow that gave birth to twin 
calves and the Government sent an expert to look 
after these calves, while at the same time, in the 
same state, a mother had twin bacies under less 
sanitary conditions than the cow, and was compelled 
to arise on the fourth day and do a washing. She 
was unable to get expert medical aid and advice in 
the rearing of these children. 

Very recently in one of the counties of Illinois, a 
farmer was prosecuted for selling a tubercular cow 
w 7 hich spread the disease among several children; 
but tubercular mothers are allowed to nurse their 
offspring and are not molested. 

A minister became offended at me for protesting 
against the marriage by him of a young couple in 
his congregation, one of whom I had treated for 
tuberculosis of the hip and the other of whom I had 
removed tubercular glands of the neck. He said 
that "The Lord would take care of the children." 



BUREAU OF HEALTH 77 

The New York Prison Association which inves- 
tigated the Juke family found upon tracing their 
line of Genealogical descent through several gener- 
ations, that out of seven hundred of the twelve hun- 
dred descendants of which they found detailed in- 
formation, that 140 had been in prison, 280 had 
been paupers, and nearly all morally and physically 
degenerate. 

A similar investigation of the Mengold family 
in southern Ohio shows that 474 individuals of a 
common descent, beginning with degenerate ances- 
tors, that 77 were immoral, 14 criminals, 55 feeble- 
minded, 23 alcoholics, 12 public women, 7 tubercu- 
lar, 9 tramps, 4 epileptics, 3 insane. The crimes 
of which they were guilty cover almost everything 
in the calendar. They all have large families, which 
is a peculiar trait of imbeciles. The investigation of 
the Mengold family is still being pursued. 

It cost the state of New York over a million dol- 
lars to convict, jail, and feed the Jukes. 

If these degenerates were emasculated before they 
were issued a marriage certificate, this breed of de- 
generates woud never have existed, and the state 
would have been saved all this money spent in taking 
care of them. These are only two instances where 
we have record of the individual cases. 

There are hundreds of other similar cases in the 
nation, that is why about one in every hundred of 
our population are in jails, insane asylums and poor- 
houses in this country. At this rate in one hundred 
more years we will be a mob of chattering apes with 
not enough sense to light a fire, crack a cocoanut, and 



78 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

have no tails to hang by, unless we legislate against 
this state of affairs. 

The average intelligence is decreasing instead of 
increasing. That is why we are becoming incapable 
of self-government. 

By a proper system of Eugenics we can regulate 
the race question, the labor question, and all other 
questions affecting the welfare of our people. 

No practical farmer would think of raising ani- 
mals like we raise men. If he did, in ten years he 
woud have nothing but runts, hybride and mongrels. 

The moral question has been the great hindrance 
to a system of this kind in the past. In the world 
war we lost about 74,600 boys from immediate cas- 
ualties and as a result of injuries and disease. 

During the same two years 180,000 died in this 
country from Cancer yet nothing was thought of 
it. Tuberculosis, Cancer and Syphilis the last 
named disease being largely to blame for the first 
two killed more people and caused more misery than 
all the wars mankind has ever waged. We spend 
millions of dollars annually for war but allow disease 
our greatest enemy, to go unheeded. 

Such a condition starts very practical questions. 
The war is always on between environment and 
heredity considered as influences determinative of 
character. Whatever effect we may attribute to en- 
vironment, one can hardly contemplate the two cases 
above described without a good degree of assurance 
that moral taint is transmitted in the process of con- 
ception and birth. That does not mean that actual 
viciousness is conveyed by that means, but a tendency 



BUREAU OF HEALTH 79 

toward viciousness so strong and so almost irresis- 
tible as practically to amount to viciousness; so that 
a child begotten under such conditions may with 
reasonable accuracy be said to have been born a 
krriminal. 

At all events, there can be no sort of question that 
when the terrible misfortune of a defective child 
has fallen upon a mother and a father, they are 
abundantly entitled to avail themselves of any means 
that will prevent a repetition of the disaster. 

Democracy seems to imply a large amount of per- 
sonal liberty close upon the verge of license. There 
is a prevalent presumption that under a democracy 
each man is entitled to live and act very much as 
he would were he the only man in existence. The 
presumption may not carry many so far as it did the 
immigrant who, on coming from the steamer, com- 
menced throwing stones at the shop windows and 
explained his conduct on the ground that America 
is a free country. Still there is lacking, at least 
among a numerous class, the conviction that each 
man's liberty is bound to be held under limitation 
by his neighbor's interests and well-being. 

We are members of a community and member- 
ship means mutuality of obligation. Lepers, for ex- 
ample, are segregated. It is hard for the lepers, but 
they owe it to the public. The public owes it to 
them to minister in all possible ways to their com- 
fort, but they owe it to the public to keep out of the 
way of the public. Now those Jukes women and 
those Mengold men w T ere lepers, moral lepers, and 
vicious dispensers of taint. How far ought such 



80 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

people to be tolerated, and to feed vulture-like on 
the character, decency and physical well-being of a 
community, out of regard to the democratic notion 
that the behavior of the individual must be only in 
a vague way hedged about by considerations for 
other people and the community at large? 

The individual rights cannot be settled on the 
basis of what the individual wants, but on the basis 
of what the public good requires. That is the price 
that a man has to pay and ought to be willing to 
pay, in compensation for the privilege of living 
among people instead of living alone or in banish- 
ment. But if he insists on making his residence 
among people that are not of his kind, then he ought 
to submit himself to the ordinance of other people's 
decency, and people that are decent owe it to them- 
selves to make that ordinance felt and have it duly 
executed. 

We are in a condition of practical anarchy so 
long as public character consents to be ravaged by 
private depravity. 

By establishing a National Department of health, 
I do not mean that we should interfere with the 
rights of the individual in choosing a plwsician or 
give any system of practice precedent over another. 

There is good in all systems and the rights of all 
should be respected regardless whether it be medi- 
cine, Osteopathy, Christian Science or any other 
system which professes to treat the sick. 

I do not insist that all should be required to com- 
plete a standard Course of Study in Anatomy, Phy- 
siology, Pathology, Hygiene and Symptomatolagy be- 
fore being licensed to treat human ailments. After 



BUREAU OF HEALTH 81 

which they may use any system of healing they 
desire. 

This would settle the dispute between cults which 
exist at the present time and eliminate a lot of laws 
and Class legislation. 

The practice of medicine like everything else is 
encumbered far too much with laws which is rearing 
a crop of political doctors, which imagine they are 
foreordained by God to help people into and out 
of the world. 

We don't want any state doctors or state medi- 
cine. We want a code of simple laws that all are 
compelled to obey, with the rights of the individual 
protected as long as those rights complies with the 
best interest of organized society. 

All of the Amendments I advocate are intended to 
simplify and eliminate a lot of conflicting laws which 
have been written into the statutes in the past and 
bring about a more equitable standard of living for 
all our people instead of granting special privileges 
to organized minorities in order that they may ex- 
ploit the majority. 



83 



The Banking System 

In order to properly understand the evolution of 
money it will be necessary to analyze the first prin- 
ciples of government. 

Men formed governments in order to bring about 
an organized condition of society which would make 
it possible to achieve things which would be impos- 
sible in an individual capacity. With the develop- 
ment of man's reason, when he became a social be- 
ing, he also began to trade with his neighbor and to 
exchange commodities. This exchange of commod- 
ities called for a medium of exchange. Money is a 
commodity with this peculiarity, that it is exchange- 
able for all other commodities. 

In various periods of the world's history we find a 
great number of different things have been used 
for money, such as pearls, stones, skins, animals, 
rare feathers, and after the discovery of the metals 
there came into* use the most precious, such as gold 
and silver predominating over the others. 

All over the world today governments reserve the 
right to coin and issue money upon which they fix 
their seal, making it legal tender. It has been made 
a felony to duplicate the seal of the government. As 
long as people made and adopted their own medium 
of exchange there was no ground for one man to 
take advantage over another as the things exchanged 
were equal in value. These exchanges were made 
voluntary and without the interference of govern- 
ment control. 



84 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

If money is an element of government, being 
coined by it, why should it not be controlled and 
circulated by the government through its own bank- 
ing system. Why in the name of common sense 
should the circulation of the government money be 
delegated to private bankers. If the general gov- 
ernment owned the banks it would only require one- 
fourth the cash to transact the business of the coun- 
try. If there were only one bank in a community 
like the postoffice where every man could safely de- 
posit all his money, and do his banking, all the 
checks of the community would be payable or col- 
lectable at the same place, hence the cash required 
to settle the balances of exchange would be very 
small. Most all the exchanges would be affected 
by changing the books daily, arranging the debits 
and credits. A run on the bank would be impossible 
as all drafts on it would go into it, whether de- 
posited in one part of the country or another. Peo- 
ple would have no excuse for drawing out their 
money and hoarding it as it would be safer than in 
any place they could put it. This bank could not 
become insolvent as long as the government stands. 

The only source of decreasing the deposits of the 
bank would be in the settlement of international 
debts. The government could make farm and home 
loans to the workers and the profits obtained from 
such an enterprise would pay the entire running ex- 
pense of the government, freeing the people from 
taxation. 

It is a crime against humanity to give private 
interests the right to loan the savings of other peo- 
ple and what is even worse to speculate with same, 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 85 

losing it or to say the least giving them no just 
returns for its use. For instance a bank has a mil- 
lion dollars of the people's money on deposit. They 
use it to build an office building where they occupy 
the ground floors. In ten years the rents of the 
building pay for the building. The private owners 
of the bank have used the people's money to make 
enormous profits for themselves, giving the people 
no just returns. 

Our modern coinage system dates back to the 
reign of Charlemagne, 800 A. D. He attempted 
to standardize money with a pound of silver based 
upon a system of weights and measures which he 
devised and adopted as the unit of value. From that 
time to the present there has been a close connection 
between gold and silver. As long as money was 
used as a medium of exchange only there was no 
public debts. There were no interest laws among 
the ancient Jews and not even among the Romans, 
whose civilization almost equaled our own. 

In 1145 the English government passed the first 
interest law making ten per cent per annum the 
legal rate. The law became so obnoxious that it was 
repealed in 1152. A new law was enacted in 1472 
making six per cent the legal rate. This interest 
law was the beginning of a new era and has been 
the curse of the monetary systems of the world. This 
law made money have an intrinsic value. It as- 
sumed the form of life and had an earning power 
and could double itself every sixteen and two-third 
years. 

While the legalizing of interest, public debts be- 
gan to pile up, until today every state, county, school 



86 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

district, town and village is loaded down with debt, 
in our own country, as our laws are largely copied 
from the old English law. Money capable of earn- 
ing interest ceased to be a representative of the value 
of labor or the products of labor, but it became both 
labor and products. 

The artificial power given money will grow great- 
er and the struggle will become more intense until 
the structure of credits it has created will fall of its 
own weight. The National debt of all nations as 
near as can be ascertained is approximately forty- 
four billion dollars. If to this we add the public 
debts of all the subdivisions of general governments, 
it would probably double the amount. 

This does not include the debts of quasi-public 
institutions, nor private individuals which will, with- 
out doubt, make a grand total of One Hundred 
Billion Dollars. A cash call of one per cent on all the 
public and private debts of the world would require 
all the money in the world to meet it and would 
leave no circulating medium in existence. Such a 
call would show that money has not multiplied, but 
its efficiency to multiply is represented by the debts 
created. 

The world's debt before the war was about thirty- 
seven billion dollars and the interest on this amount 
is fifteen hundred millions a year. The money of 
the world including gold, silver and uncovered 
paper money is thirteen and a quarter billion dollars. 
On this basis the above amount would be more than 
ten per cent toll on all the money of the world on 
the national debt alone. 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 87 

Not only is the national government of the United 
States in debt but every State government and with 
few exceptions, every county, and every school dis- 
trict, as well as every city and village is in debt up 
to their constitutional limit. 

All the public institutions and public utilities, 
such as railroads, waterworks, electric light plants, 
telegraph and telephone systems, are in debt, and 
burdened with watered stock in some cases to an 
amount equal to double their value. Sixty-seven 
per cent of all farm lands and eighty-five per cent 
of all buildings in towns and cities are encumbered 
with some form of interest-bearing debts. 

The interest on all of these debts is astounding 
and if paid into the Treasury of the United States 
instead of the vaults of the privileged few, would 
pay the entire running expense of the country, thus 
eliminating the tax question. 

When the English Government enacted the law 
of private banking it surrendered part of its sover- 
eignty to some of its subjects. It is the main cause 
of the great and unequaled distribution of wealth. 
Under its influence class struggle has developed, and 
nations as well as individuals, are forced to fight for 
existence. By its precepts war is declared or peace 
restored. 

The interest law was an incentive to commercial 
activity enabling man to grow rich and live without 
work. Eighty-two years after England adopted the 
interest law France followed her footsteps. One by 
one all other nations followed in the adoption of 
interest laws and then the race for financial and com- 
mercial supremacy began. England, being a small 



88 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

island but having the start in the banking system, 
became the chief bankers for all of Europe. She 
built up her manufacturing industry and began to 
ship the manufactured products to all the world, 
bringing back the raw material. This resulted in 
extensive shipbuilding and later her merchant ma- 
rine. Through her banks and money channels, in- 
vestments were made and colonial possessions ob- 
tained all over the world. This called for a large 
navy to protect her interests at home and abroad. 
It was commercialism stimulated by the interest law 
that was the indirect cause of the late world war, 
and will continue to create wars between nations re- 
gardless of Leagues of Nations. If England be- 
lieves in the League of Nations why is she spending 
$350,000,000.00 on aeroplanes, also France is 
spending $270,000,000.00 on aeroplanes. Why are 
England and Japan building so large a navy? I 
hope they do not intend using battleships and aero- 
planes as toys. 

Let me give you the facts and figures as to the 
real cause of the late war and its main instigators, 
England and Germany. In the first place German 
bankers, merchants and manufacturers did not want 
war, at least at that time, and not at all if it could 
be avoided for the simple reason that they could win 
the world commercially in less than ten years by 
peaceful methods. Germany was a nation of seventy 
million domestic and thrifty people, highly cultured. 
German commerce was in a prosperous condition. 
Bismarck molded the states of Germany into an 
empire and consolidated its resources. By so doing, 
however, he made his country a commercial rival of 
England and precipitated the world war. Let us 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 89 

see how this worked out from a monetary stand- 
point. 

In the Eighteenth Century gold and silver had 
become the metallic money of the world. England 
adopted the gold standard in 1816, which shifted the 
trade in her favor. At the close of the Franco- 
Prussian War in 1871 Germany adopted the gold 
standard and demanded the settlement of the war 
indemnity in gold. This put Germany on an equal 
footing in monetary measures of value. Then began 
the fight between them for commercial supremacy. 

On August 1, 1914, England's export balance in 
trade exceeded Germany only $1,126,000.00. In 
another year, according to trade balance estimates, 
Germany would have exceeded England by $4,280,- 
000.00. Germany's navy and merchant marine was 
fast becoming the most important rival of England 
and it was only a matter of a few years until a 
fight for the control of the ocean would have been 
the issue. 

It is reasonable to suppose that English financiers 
manipulated the diplomacy of the several European 
nations so as to force war upon her great commer- 
cial rival before she was ready and while she had 
the naval advantages. 

Commercialism has developed the individual and 
created a desire for wealth and the power and social 
position that goes with it under our present social 
system. It has developed the arts and sciences and 
stimulated invention and built up great industries 
but in so doing it has caused poverty and suffering 
for millions of human beings throughout the world. 
Its yoke of oppression and depression is on the necks 



90 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

of the starving masses. It causes all the wars be- 
tween nations. War stimulates every artery of trade 
and unlooses every purse-string. And the toiling 
masses do the fighting and the work, while the 
bloated bond-holders sit in their offices and clip the 
coupons from the bonds the poor man has been 
forced to buy and sacrificed at a discount in order 
to buy his daily bread. 

When we speak of national wealth we lose sight 
of its individual ownership. The government itself 
owns but little of the material wealth of a country. 
The lands and all of its natural resources has, more 
or less, passed into private hands. When we speak 
of the export trade of a nation, we mean its peo- 
ple's industrial commerce. The export commerce is 
an item of international banking. This has reached 
to such a volume in monetary exchange that it has 
become the bone of contention between all the priv- 
ate export and import banking interests of the 
world. It is an intense rivalry and the intrigues 
growing out of it brings on most all the interna- 
tional complications. Destroy private banking and 
you remove the cause of all this rivalry and discord. 

The rivalry for commercial supremacy is not a 
national incentive. It is an incentive actuating the 
kings of commerce and finance. If the loaning of 
the money had been confined to the governments, as 
a government function, from the very beginning of 
the institution of interest laws, then wealth would 
have been more equally distributed among the 
masses, and kings of fianance and commerce would 
not exist today. Commerce rivalry would, under a 
system of equitable distribution of money, have 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 91 

bloomed into friendly competition, even among peo- 
ple of different nations, instead of culminating in 
war and bloodshed. 

The large private fortunes in America growing 
out of the organization and control of our natural 
resources, that have ripened into trusts and unlawful 
or detrimental trade combines, would not have ex- 
isted had it not been for our private banking system, 
which have fostered, aided and participated in their 
accumulation. This banking system has furnished 
designing men a channel through which to promote 
gigantic enterprises, based upon inflated values and 
producing unnatural profits on the capital invested. 

It has permitted the formation of a system of 
interlocking directors among the great banks, rail- 
road systems, and industrial combinations, by which 
they have obtained its grip upon the finances of the 
country, forming a "money trust," against which 
independent enterprise found it impossible to con- 
tend and which still remain undisturbed. We shall 
never achieve industrial independence or peace until 
it has been destroyed root and branch. The false 
use of money has generated anarchy and hatred of 
law. It has bred strikes, labor troubles, boycotts 
and vilifications. 

After four and a half centuries of the stimulating 
effects given to money, giving wealth and luxury 
into the hands of the privileged classes by allowing 
them to appropriate the fruits of other people's labor, 
with the formation of the strong bulwarks for the 
protection of this hoarded wealth with police courts, 
armies and navies, it will require strong methods to 
remove this evil. 



92 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

There is nothing that can keep the peace between 
individuals, of a government, or between nations so 
long as the wealth of the country is so unequally 
divided by class legislation and specially legalized 
privileges in the use of the money of a nation. This 
class of vested rights are inhuman and man's protest 
will always be heard. The phrase, "vested rights," 
has become the shibboleth of the rich, and the guid- 
ing star of the courts. 

The privilege of taking money of other people for 
nothing and loaning it back to them for hire falls 
little short of a license to carry a sandbag. If there 
w r ere a limit to human greed; if man's capacity to 
own had bounds, then there might be some chance 
that a man could say that he had enough. Banking 
deals alone in money and its representatives. The 
banks look to money alone for their profits and 
losses. 

Statistics show that in 1914 there were 7,473 Na- 
tional Banks in the United States, with a capitaliza- 
tion of $1,056,919,792.00, and with deposits of 
$5,963,461,551.00, while there is a circulation of 
currency in the entire country of $3,402,477,570.00, 
showing deposits of nearly twice as much money as 
there is in this country. 

The National Banks own, as capital, one-third of 
all the money in circulation, and one-sixth of all the 
money deposited, and also outstanding loans of 
nearly four-sixths of all these deposits. These loans 
amount to $3,944,877,542.00. 

The following table of statistics also shows that 
there are all told 24,977 banks in the United States, 
and that their paid-up capital, not including the 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 93 

surplus, is about five times more than the entire 
circulating money in the government: 

Year 1914 — No. of Banks Paid-up Capital 

National Banks 7,473 $1,056,919,792 

Trust Banks 14,011 4,143,052,802 

Savings Banks 1,355 1,120,845,792 

Loan & Trust Co 1,515 5,123,920,197 

Mutual Savings Banks 623 4,104,639,651 

Money in Circulation ^^^ 3,402,477,570 

Total Banks 24,977 $15,549,378,234 

If there were nothing but government banks, or 
collectively one government bank, there would be 
no need of cash to fund all these private debts. If 
A owed B $1,000.00 at 6 per cent interest, and the 
government was satisfied with A's security, it would 
give its check to B for this debt due him and B 
would deposit this same check back in the same 
bank that it was drawn on, and there would arise 
no necessity for cash to complete this deal. If B 
should want to take this money out for use in some 
other business, or to hide away, or if he went into 
business with this money he would give checks on 
this bank for the things which he invested in, and 
in turn, these checks would be deposited back in 
this same bank. If he wanted to hide it away where 
on this earth could he find a safer place than the 
strong vaults of Uncle Sam? It must not be for- 
gotten at this very point that as soon as it was un- 
derstood that these government banks were in oper- 
ation, with a view of loaning money at a rate at 
which no private bank could possibly loan money, all 



94 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

men would go to these banks with their cash and 
put it in immediately to get in on this deal on the 
ground floor. And Uncle Sam would have a de- 
posit for reserve big enough to sink a ship before 
he was even called upon to float the loan of A. The 
confidence which people have in government secur- 
ities and protection is illustrated in a small way even 
by our Postal Savings Banks, which are simply a 
sham, compared with the real thing. The Govern- 
ment should never pay interest, but should always 
receive interest. If we wish to restore our ancient 
patriotism and have that respect for our country 
that it deserves, we should constantly be indebted 
to her, and her alone. We should never look upon 
our country as a victim of plunder and graft. We 
should and would be as punctual in payments of our 
governmental banks as we would in paying any just 
debt. The Government should always be a creditor 
and never a debtor. While states, municipalities, 
corporations and counties might reasonably become 
indebted to our government, like individuals, yet the 
United States should owe no man or representative 
of men. The Government alone can make the stuff 
with which debts are liquidated. The Government 
seal is the only thing by which money, as such, can 
exist. 

The next objection that the bankers urge to the 
idea of the system of government banks advocated 
by us, is that these banks would be naturally run 
upon such a conservative basis that there would be 
withdrawn from the channels of speculation all the 
money used for that purpose by private banks now. 
In answer to this suggestion I would state that when 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 95 

all this money that now earns such large returns to 
private bankers and money-loaners is paid off by the 
Government banks and refunded into lower interest- 
bearing obligations, that such a stream of money 
would be turned loose to seek employment in the 
fields of speculation, that individuals would furnish 
this money themselves for everything that looked 
like a good money-making proposition; and that in- 
stead of curtailing the means of investment and 
speculation, it would broaden it until not a man of 
average energy would stand idle waiting for a job. 
It is further contended that by such a system of gov- 
ernment banks as we advocate, that such a political 
machine would grow up out of the employees there- 
in that one political party could fasten itself upon 
the people indefinitely and plunder us with graft 
and favoritism. This objection is simply a surface 
view of the real relations of this bank or banks to 
the national government. The employees of such 
an institution could be put under such a severe civil 
service regulation that there would not be as much 
chance of graft and favoritism as there is now in 
our postoffices. Employees in these banks, could be 
put under such restriction that they need not be al- 
lowed even the right to vote while in the employ- 
ment of the government. 

Their choice and selection should be based entirely 
upon merit and honesty; and the rules for conduct 
and the punishment for dishonesty could be so cer- 
tain and so severe that no temptation would induce 
them to swerve from the path of strict duty. 

The next objection to our scheme of government 
banks is this: 



96 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

Who will furnish the money to those who cannot 
comply with the terms of security fixed for these 
government banks? Who will loan on second 
mortgages and chattels, and thus aid the poor and 
needy? There will be so much capital turned loose 
that loans upon this class of ventures will be more 
than 100 per cent over the amount now available for 
such purposes ; and so that the man who is now pay- 
ing 20 per cent per annum for loans on second mort- 
gages and chattels will then be able to get such ac- 
commodations for less than half he is now paying. 
You don't get that class of money now from banks, 
but you must take it from the cut-throat money- 
loaners. The last objection urged is that all the 
present employees of private banks, and all buildings 
by them occupied, will be out of use. In all other 
Government-owned institutions more employees are 
used, to do the same amount of work, at better 
wages, than when employed at the same work by 
private individuals or corporations. 

If all the capital now tied up in these banks were 
put out to do business, such a wide field of enterprise 
and industry would open up that all the present bank 
employees and many others could easily find employ- 
ment in more profitable business. 

If our Government run the banking system of the 
country, eliminating private banks and bankers, in- 
stead of being loaded down with debts due to East- 
ern bankers, who, at the present time, have complete 
control of the monetary system of this country, 
which was handed them on a platter with a blue 
ribbon tied around it in the form of the Federal 
Reserve Law, which is nothing more than the Aid- 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 97 

rich Bill re-named and amended in the interest of 
the money trust, every legitimate business would feel 
the impetus and every home the comforts of the just 
redistribution of wealth. With our national vaults 
filled to overflowing, panics would be a thing of the 
past. Instead of the Government making loans to 
favored depositors, excluding the general public, 
which is a practice in vogue by private bankers, the 
government would loan to anyone w 7 ho could pro- 
duce the collateral without regard to his standing 
in society. 

The collateral put into the hands of the govern- 
ment would exceed the amount loaned and after 
all the collateral is the real wealth. There would 
be no excuse for idleness on account of a lack of 
funds when money could be borrowed at two per 
cent per annum. Our national debt would soon be 
paid off. Our national banks would not tip the 
jobbers of stocks in fake enterprises as to who the 
people are that have a savings account, while they at 
the same time encouraged their depositors to invest 
in these wild-cat schemes, like private bankers many 
times do. 

Men at the head of our government-owned banks 
would not be allowed to gamble with the people's 
money like many private bankers do, often wrecking 
the bank. There would be no bank failures. All 
our people would be benefitted by this system, ex- 
cept a few bankers on Wall Street who imagine the 
government is operated for their benefit. 

The banks under government operation would 
require just as much help and would deprive no one 
of a job but those who operate coupon scissors. Gov- 



98 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

ernment-owned banks would not in any way curtail 
the right of private individuals to loan their own 
money or invest it in any enterprise they desire. 

A Government banking system could be organized 
with one central bank in each state and as many 
branch banks as would be necessary to meet the de- 
mands of the population of each district. This sys- 
tem would give to each state a separate banking sys- 
tem and create a checking and expanding system 
that would have no commercial limits. 

The currency of the Nation could be thus dis- 
tributed to meet the demands of each commercial 
center. It would be flexible and elastic to all state 
and interstate commerce. It would furnish a uni- 
formity of currency which could not be easily coun- 
terfeited. 

It would give every man and every business in the 
nation an equal chance in commercial life. It would 
establish confidence in our nation that all the rest of 
the world could not shatter. It would place the 
control of the bank in the hands of the people who 
own the money. It would prevent the manipulating 
of the currency at the harvest season so as to force 
prices down, thus depriving the farmer of the fruits 
of his hard-earned labor, and, on the other hand, it 
would finance him so as to make it possible to reap 
his just reward. 

It would prevent the loaning of money to finance 
foreign wars, which necessitates the sending of our 
boys across the water to sacrifice their lives that 
these private individuals may be able to collect their 
loans and at the same time plunge our own nation 
into billions of dollars debt for their especial benefit. 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 99 

Certain European nations and Wall Street gen- 
tlemen gambled in Russian bonds during the present 
war and today American soldiers are over in Russia 
killing Russians and in turn getting killed to com- 
pel the payment of these debts which have been re- 
pudiated. No blathering about humanity or what 
we owe to somebody can excuse killing Americans 
or Russians with no declaration of war by Con- 
gress. 

Thousands of laws have been passed to make rich 
men richer and everybody thought it was quite nat- 
ural. Thousands of laws have been passed to put 
more taxes on the backs of the poor and nothing 
was said about it as the poor are used to being 
taxed. Equalization of taxes is a joke. The poor 
man that lives in a cottage pays in proportion in al- 
most every instance 100 per cent more tax than the 
man that owns a skyscraper on the main street of 
the town. 

The Panic of 1907 was a bankers panic. Three 
of the large banking concerns and money kings on 
Wall Street were contending for supremacy in the 
financial world. Preisdent Roosevelt had a habit 
of declaiming against "malefactors of great wealth" 
which was annoying to them so they wished to put 
the soft pedal on him. There were no commercial 
reasons for a panic, only speculative, legislative and 
political, why a panic might serve special interests. 

There was legislation to be blocked and a cur- 
rency measure suited for these money kings to be 
secured. The Aldrich Bill did not meet with favor 
so the old tactics must be resorted to — impair con- 



100 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

fidence, promote signs of panic, scare the public, 
and coerce Congress and the President. 

In October the trap was sprung. The Sherman 
Anti-Trust Law was violated. The National Bank 
Laws were also violated. The New York banks 
refused to honor drafts of the interior banks and 
they in turn were forced to violate the banking laws 
and refuse to honor checks of their depositors and 
without an hour's notice there was no money in the 
interior to pay for the farmer's grain. The reasons 
given was that the Eastern correspondents had wired 
the local banks that they could not honor drafts be- 
cause the New York banks had ceased to honor their 
drafts. So you see everything was locked up in New 
York. 

With a Federal Banking System such a disgrace 
could never happen. The panic was stopped by 
breaking the law suspending payments and holding 
up the nation. That seems to be the modern way 
of stopping panics. 

The New York banks held in their vaults and 
secured from outside banks $410,000,000.00, subject 
to call, according to law, and they were subject to 
be closed and receivers appointed if they did not 
comply with the law. 

They had secured deposits taxed from the people 
free of interest from the Federal Treasury of $400,- 
000,000, none of which was called for by the Treas- 
urer to help the interior banks in distress. They 
drained the Federal Treasury and the public to the 
limit, yet there was no protest by the Comptroller 
of the Currency and no receivers appointed. 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 101 

After the money kings had sent stocks crashing 
and grabbed everything in sight they called the panic 
off and were acclaimed patriots for having saved 
the Nation by those who survived the tragedy. The 
people were led to believe that our banking laws 
were inefficient, so the Aldrich Bill was framed by 
these Wall Street bankers who wished to have per- 
fect control of the monetary system of the nation. 

When it became known that the National Bank- 
ers Association favored the Aldrich plan, the mass 
of the voters were against it so the plan was not 
presented to Congress, but the issue was shifted to 
Rural Credits. 

When the Democratic Party came into power, the 
Aldrich plan was rewritten with all its fundament- 
als retained and a few additions made, the name 
changed to the Federal Reserve Bank Law and 
know^n as the Owen-Glass Bill. This bill allows a 
change from money, or currency, to credit except 
what money is needed for counter use. There is no 
limit to the amount of credit the National Banks 
may loan and no gold reserve needed to back it up. 
They loan their credit only and the obligation is 
made payable in gold. 

The Aldrich plan provided for an annual tax on 
the reserve association notes of 3 per cent for the 
first $100,000,000, and 4 per cent for the second, 
5 per cent for the next $300,000,000, and 6 per cent 
for all over $500,000,000. 

In 1914 we had over one billion and the annual 
tax under the Aldrich plan w T ould have been $52,- 
000,000. Under the Federal Reserve Law there is 
neither tax nor interest. Every change made in the 



102 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

proposed Aldrich Law was in the interest of the 
"Money Trust." 

Federal Reserve Notes are issued free of tax to 
the banks and the people pay the tax just the same. 
Thus we see that the whole constitutional power of 
the Government so far as currency is concerned is 
delegated to the bankers, free of interest or tax, to 
administer for private profit. 

I will give a few facts and figures on the Federal 
Reserve System that will make you dizzy, if you got 
as far as the Rule of Three in your school-boy days. 

The following is a list of the Federal Reserve 
Banks with their capitals and the profits for the year 
1920. 

Location Capital Profits 

New York $24,618,000 217.4% 

Chicago 13,213,000 195.6% 

Atlanta 3,759,000 162. % 

San Francisco 6,412,000 159.1% 

Boston 7,454,000 737.3% 

Minneapolis 3,265,000 131.5% 

Kansas City 4,695,000 129.3% 

St. Louis . . 4,229,000 124.3% 

Cleveland 10,070,000 119. % 

Philadelphia 8,278,000. . . ., 116.8% 

Richmond 4,884,000 110.3% 

Dallas 3,757,000 89.3% 

The 7,785 National Banks in the U. S. A. have 
a surplus ^ of only $1,180,603,000 after many years 
of operation and they realized only 12% on this 
capital last year while the Federal Reserve Banks, 
after five years of operation on a capital of $94,- 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 103 

234,000 have a surplus of $202,036,367. The aver- 
age surplus of the 7,785 National Banks is only 
$112,090, while the average surplus of the twelve 
Federal Reserve Banks is $16,831,363 each. 

In five more years if the profits continue at the 
same rate, compounding it annually, the Federal 
Reserve Banks will have $11,168,493,440, which is 
double the amount of all the actual currency in the 
U. S., and in ten years if we had a Government 
Banking System, and turned the profits into the Na- 
tional Treasury, we could pay off the late war debt. 

Under the Federal Reserve Law, the capital for 
the Federal Reserve Bank is commandeered from the 
System, and limited to 6% profit. They have their 
choice of coming into the System, or have their doors 
closed. The System is making 160% on the money 
and pay only 6% for its use. 

Let us see by what process of legerdemain they 
transfer this money from the Treasury to their own 
account. 

Don't forget that these are Government Banks, 
operated on public money. Each one of the twelve 
Banks has for officers, a chairman, a board of di- 
rectors, a governor, a deputy and a cashier, with 
a retinue of clerks. 

The officers are controlled by the Federal Reserve 
Board at Washington. 

There are five members of the Federal Reserve 
Board, each of which receive a salary of $12,000 per 
year. The Comptroller of Currency is an ex-officio 
officer, and receives a salary of $7,000 per year. 

This is all we can learn as to the compensation 
received by these public officials. 



104 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

The salary of the Federal Reserve Agent is fixed 
by the Board and paid by the bank to which he is 
assigned. Although the Directors, Governors, Cash- 
iers, etc., are public servants, we have no method of 
finding out what compensation they get for their 
services. 

We do know that the expense account of the 
twelve Federal Reserve Banks for the year 1920 was 
$29,889,037, an average of $2,490,000 apiece, and 
the law gives the Federal Reserve Board the right 
to fix the compensation for these officers. 

The law says that the Federal Reserve Board 
shall make a report to the House of Representatives 
which shall be printed, but I failed to find in the re- 
port what the individual salaries were. Don't think 
it would look good in print. 

Edison was right when he said our legislators 
seem to be unequal to the task. They pass law T s 
which are supposed to have a certain effect, and 
they have just the opposite effect. For instance, the 
1 8th Amendment was supposed to make the Country 
as arid as the Desert of Sahara, but in reality it has 
made more booze fighters in the last two years than 
the saloons made in fifty years. 

The Federal Reserve law was supposed to release 
credit, but it has restricted it instead. Gold has dis- 
appeared from circulation, and Federal Reserve notes 
are being retired. 

We were told that the Federal Reserve Bank 
would distribute the money to the rural districts, 
but it has piled it up in the large cities for the use 
of those who speculate on the necessities of life. We 
were told that the people would be able to borrow 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 105 

their own money, but the products of the farms do 
not pay for the expense of raising them, and the 
Farmer cannot borrow a plugged nickle from the 
Federal Reserve Bank, but the Speculators can get 
all they want. Politicians, and those who benefit 
from the public utilities, will tell you the government 
cannot run the banking system, but the government 
is running the Federal Reserve, but the law was fixed 
so the profits from same should go into the pockets 
of private individuals instead of the Treasury of 
the United States. Our politicians are to blame for 
that. 

With government ownership of the banks, we 
could issue enough currency to pay off the indebted- 
ness of the U. S., and stop the payment of interest. 

It is the private Banking interests that keep us 
forever paying interest on the National debt. The 
Banks have five times as much money loaned as there 
is in circulation. There is not enough cash money 
in the Banks to pay the interest on the money they 
have loaned out, alone the principal. Why can't 
the National government play at this little game. 
Twenty-five billion dollars would pay off the Na- 
tional debt. The combined wealth of this country 
will exceed one hundred billion. Our credit should 
be good for one fourth of that amount. Let some 
of your frenzied financiers answer that question for 
you. 

Why don't the government liquidate its debts and 
stop paying interest when it makes the money. Why 
does the government give the money to the Federal 
Reserve Bank to use without interest and borrow it 
back at a high rate of interest? Why don't the 



106 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

government give the people three percent for the use 
of their money ? The people have millions in private 
banks which they would be glad to loan to Uncle 
Sam at same rate of interest. Why allow private 
bankers to bunco the government like they are do- 
ing today? 

It would be a very simple manner to put in force 
the government banking system. All that is neces- 
sary to do is pass an enabling act permitting the 
government to go into the banking business on a 
first-class scale, establishing a bank in every city 
where the population justified it and in the smaller 
towns have the postoffice and bank in connection 
establishing a checking system on all the banks in 
the nation. Establish rural credits for farmers and 
working men on land and homes and pay 4 per cent 
on deposits. 

Private banks could not compete and would grad- 
ually pass out of existence. 

The same system could be worked with the Na- 
tional Insurance. The actual cost of paying mortu- 
ary claims in any of the old line companies does not 
exceed five dollars a year. All costs above this 
amount goes for rents, salaries, agents, commissions, 
etc. 

Under the national system of insurance the party 
wishing insurance could produce a health certificate 
from his physician at the bank and get his policy at 
a cost not to exceed twelve dollars per year, at any 
age and the government would make one hundred 
per cent on the investment. 

In conclusion, I will say that poverty and excess- 
ive wealth should not exist in a well-organized and 



THE BANKING SYSTEM 107 

conducted society or commonwealth like the United 
States. No one should have an income without 
rendering some service to the community. In our 
present system the ones that render the least service 
have the largest incomes. What we, as a nation, 
want to work out is a system that will give us the 
largest number of happy and healthy people. 

What we need is more bee-hive industry with less 
drones. 



109 



Complimentary Closing- 
scientists tell us that this planet is perhaps one 
hundred million years old. They also tell us that 
it is about thirty thousand years since man showed 
signs of civilization. Thirty thousand years in com- 
parison with one hundred million is a very short 
period of time. 

We stand today on the threshold of civilization 
and like Moses we can only look into the land of 
promise which the Creator has prepared for future 
generations. Behold the beauties of the future civ- 
ilization. There shall be no homeless, poor and old. 
Pensions shall take the place of poor-houses for 
those who are too old to work but have been useful 
citizens of the community. 

It is to be hoped that future generations w r ill 
spend their money for deep waterways, good roads 
and irrigation of the desert lands instead of for war 
which destroys property. The great rivers will be 
harnessed furnishing water power enough for light 
and heat and to run all the industries when the coal 
supply is exhausted, providing science has not dis- 
covered other sources of energy. 

The public utilities will be run by the people 
which will eliminate graft in politics as it is the 
public utilities which seek special privileges that 
usually corrupt our legslators. 

Eugenics and sanitary science will eliminate dis- 
ease and there will be very little use for hospitals, 
iails and insane asylums. Think what it would 



110 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

mean to the world if people were only honest, we 
would need no conductors on street cars; no clerks 
in stores if people could only be trusted. Think of 
the labor saving. 

Confucius had the idea when he said "Good Gov- 
ernment obtains when those who are near are made 
happy and those who are far off are attracted." 

Our government was founded on that principle 
but at the present time the Ship of State is manned 
by politicians instead of statesmen. We are drift- 
ing down the dark stream decadence and nearing 
the rapids. 

In Europe governments are breaking down chang- 
ing from autocracy to revolution and from revolu- 
tion to anarchy. We as Americans should seek to 
avoid this trouble and improve our plan. The most 
important work of society is the construction of good 
government. 

The slogan of professional politicians is "Divide 
and Rule." The only reason for keeping up politi- 
cal parties is to keep the masses fighting each other 
so the minority can rule. The classes pay little at- 
tention to partisan politics. The average politician 
is a veritable marionette worked from behind the 
scenes by political wires. Any man who will betray 
the trust given him by the franchise of a free peo- 
ple would leave home and forget his mother. The 
proper treatment for such a knave would be to never 
allow him to return to the community that honored 
him. The time will come when we, the people, 
shall not allow ourselves to be lulled to sleep by the 
sweet lullabies of boodling politicians. 



COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING 1 1 1 

Industrial imperialism is threating our liberties 
and the wage slave has replaced the bondsman. We 
are ruled by Kings of Finance whose greed for gold 
can never be appeased. Their insatiate greed in the 
end shall cause their downfall. The history of so- 
called civilized man runs in cycles. If man had 
never sinned, he w^ould never have been redeemed. 
If man had never been a slave he could never enjoy 
th blessings of freedom, and so we must become 
wage slaves to the money kings before we shall de- 
liver ourselves from this menace and again be free. 

It may be by evolution, most likely revolution, 
but after all revolution is only a crisis in the process 
of evolution. The storm is brought about by the 
elements trying to readjust themselves, but in its 
aftermath we find showers and sunshine and flowers, 
These are interesting times. Kings feel self-secure, 
with their courts, standing armies and police sys- 
tems, but these will fail to stem the tide in critical 
times as they have always done in the past. 

They rest secure in the thought that the masses 
are divided and unorganized but they lose sight of 
the fact that a revolution is very much like a hive 
of bees swarming. Bees labor industriously day by 
day, until living conditions become intolerable and 
then like a thunderbolt from a clear sky, they swarm. 

Take Russia for example. No people were ever 
oppressed by a despotic government like the Russian 
peasants. They were allowed no free schools and 
ninety per cent of the people could not read. If 
one of their number showed any signs of intelligence 
and expressed himself, he was exiled to Siberia, with- 
out a trial. They were not allowed to own land 



112 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

and were taxed from the cradle to the grave. In 
such a country you would think a revolution im- 
possible. This oppression only created hatred of 
the Grank Dukes and caused a longing for freedom. 

When the Czar executed Lenine's brother, little 
did he think that Lenine would take revenge on him 
and some day sit on his throne and rule Russia, 
but it has come to pass. Today in Russia they are 
trying out the greatest experiment in a socialistic 
form of government that has taken place 6n this 
planet. The peasants own the land and the factor- 
ies are owned and controlled by the workers. 

The success or failure of this experiment will 
govern largely the political fortunes of all nations 
in the future. You cannot destory an idea with 
machine guns and a standing army, nor smother it 
by keeping the masses illiterate. Heaven and Earth 
may pass away but ideas are eternal. Because we 
are able to read does not imply that we are able to 
think. The Russians were able to think, although 
unable to read. 

The profiteers who are piling up fortunes which 
will only serve to make degenerates of their heirs 
should learn a lesson from the fate of the wealthy 
Barons of Russia. 

To be born rich is a calamity which very few 
people are able to survive. Wealth seldom reaches 
the third generation. 

The trouble with the average voter in our coun- 
try today is that he allows trust-bought editors and 
political crocodiles with their planks and platforms 
do his thinking for him. He can tell you more 
about the leading movie actors than he can about 



COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING 1 1 3 

the candidate he votes for to represent him in public 
office. Men of this type will never be able to lib- 
erate themselves with the ballot. In fact there is 
not an authentic case on record where a subjugated 
people have ever regained property holding liberty 
without exercising the Law of Force. 

Why should agreements made by cadavers rule 
living pulsing human beings? No doubt those old 
documents served their purpose at the time, but new 
occasions teach new duties and new ages not only 
require new leaders but new deeds. 

As for Common Law it is an inheritance from 
those grand old days, when Saxon and Norman 
earls administered "justice" direct with knotted 
clubs, cleavers and swords. They would have 
laughed themselves into convulsions at the thought 
of "governments and laws deriving all their just 
powers from the consent of the governed." 

No doubt our ancestors were somewhat rude in 
their manners, deficient in sweetness and culture, 
but very logical in matters of frozen facts. When 
they wished to rob you they put up a black flag with 
the skull and cross-bones for an insignia so you 
would know they were coming and what to expect. 

They never flaunted their country's flag at public 
meetings and spread-eagled about Patriotism, Lib- 
erty, Justice and Equality, to divert the public at- 
tention while they robbed the till. 

Equality before the Law is also a sophistry. 

Statute Law may formally confer equal rights 
and privileges upon unequal citizens but it cannot 
enforce itself through human media which is full 
of superiorities, inferiorities and inequalities. First 



114 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

of all plaintiff and defendant always possess different 
physical and mental characteristics, different personal 
magnetism and different sized bank rolls. The same 
is also true of judges, juries and legal officials. We 
all differ in temperament, ability, courage and hon- 
esty. We all have our peculiar idiosyncracies, preju- 
dices, inferiorities, superstitions and price. This is 
what makes our representative system largely a 
failure without the referendum and recall. 

And this is the picture I gaze upon after two 
thousand years of Christianity. The Universal 
Church is no more; all we see of it now is jealous 
remnants. 

The Universalist State, the Social Democracy, the 
Economic Republic should they take practical form 
are doomed to similar failure. Any system that de- 
stroys individuality cannot succeed. 

Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, which are the 
great lights of modern democracies are impossible of 
actualization. 

You cannot build a marble palace with slime and 
mud nor raise a conqueror from a dunghill; neither 
can you make the stupid great nor develop a hero 
from a hog. 

Let any nation throw away all habits of violence 
and it will soon cease to exist as a nation. It will 
become a satrapy to be taxed and looted in a thous- 
and different ways. 

In this present day of so-called civilization I gaze 
into the crowded thoroughfare as I write and this 
is the picture I see. Oh! America! a hungry poli- 
tician rages on the street corner, a rattlesnake whose 
laws are more blighting than the breath of a simoon. 



COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING 1 1 5 

I see a slave in copper-riveted overalls hurrying 
to the mill of the gods. I see another in limousine 
and silk hat hurrying to his money-changing. I see 
a lean woman in sordid rags balancing a sack of 
coal on her head as she carries it home to keep her 
orphan children from freezing as a splendid harlot 
in diamonds and brilliant plumage rideth slowly by. 

I hear the cattle lowing in the slaughter pens. A 
draft horse lieth swollen and dead on the frozen 
pavement. And this is civilization. Oh ! how loath- 
some it all is. 

Had I my choice I would rather have roamed the 
prairies of my native state as a red-skinned Indian 
long before the paleface ever came to interfere with 
his peaceful wanderings. 

When Columbus discovered America he found 
the Indians living peaceful, happy, nomadic lives. 

There were no doctors, lawyers, preachers, poor- 
houses, jails and insane asylums. They had no use 
for them until the white man introduced his so- 
called civilization. 

The average life of the Indian before the advent 
of the white man was much longer than it is today 
and their standard of morality was far superior to 
ours. That is not saying much for the doctors and 
preachers. 

Guns and Bibles seem to make their appearance 
simultaneously. 

Taking all things into consideration these are 
interesting times we are living in. 

Russia is trying out an experiment in social 
democracy and in our own country the melting pot 
is about to boil over. 



116 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

With the enfranchisement of women we hope for 
better things along political lines. We hope to see 
her get the heads of some of these old political 
bosses as she succeeded in doing in past history. Men 
say women are too sentimental — not fit to hold 
office and act as jurors. 

A lady judge in Cleveland, Ohio, recently sent- 
enced a man to life imprisonment. Three women 
sat on the jury that convicted him. In fact women 
are often savage judges. 

The old squaws were more cruel to the white 
captives than the young warriors. 

,It was a lady that insisted on having the head of 
John the Baptist and an African queen, Tomiris, 
that chopped off the head of Cyrus and dipped it in 
goat skin, filled with human blood. 

If women do not succeed in bettering conditions 
morally, socially, physically and politically, we will 
have to go back to the tall timber and grow tails 
for the evolution of the human species may be re- 
trogressive as well as progressive. 

Then we shall junk our worm-eaten constitution- 
alisms and begin all over again. 

The law of the jungle in the primitive state is 
more just than our modern system of jurisprudence. 

When a man is called upon to defend with his 
might the encroachment on the rights of others in- 
stead of depending on crooked lawyers he is more 
careful about his actions. 

No set of lawmakers have ever been able to 
compile as much in so short a space as did Moses in 
his Ten Commandments. 



COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING 117 

We could junk the greater portion of the laws 
that have been written into the statutes since 
Moses' times very profitably. 

Every time the legislature meets they are busy 
passing more laws. Every member of the legislature 
imagines he must introduce some freak legislation 
to make his constituents think he is doing something 
for them. 

Some one ought to introduce a bill to suspend the 
legislature to be convened by the Governor only 
when necessity requires it. The bill should carry 
a rider which would repeal forty per cent of the 
laws passed since 1776, then the average good Amer- 
ican citizen could go through the day without violat- 
ing enough laws to send him to jail the balance of 
his natural life. 

A very able judge told me not long since that 
he had violated enough laws unknowingly while on 
his vacation to have sent him to jail for six years 
had the law been enforced. You cannot uphold 
the majesty of the law^ under such conditions be- 
cause you cannot enforce such nonsensical laws. 

The jury system makes the people the real judges 
of the law in the last analysis and the average 
American citizen will not stand for all the insane 
laws that are coming up these days. 

Some kind gentlemen are busy in the various states 
trying to put over a state constabulary act, under 
the guise of protecting the dear farmers' chicken 
coop. 

Poor boobs! they should know that the only time 
any crooks get caught is when they venture too far 
in the rural district and the only time the farmer 



118 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

gets his car stolen is when he comes to town where 
we have plenty of police. 

The crooks know very well that if they get out- 
side of the city limits away from police protection 
and a posse of the old anti-horse thieves association 
gets them they will never steal any more auto- 
mobiles. 

So let us can that state constabulary stuff which 
is only intended to curb organized labor and this 
cannot be done by force. Labor was forced to or- 
ganize by organized capital and one is entitled to 
as much protection as the other. 

No longer ago than twenty-five years the average 
daily wage *was one dollar for twelve hours work. 
These deplorable conditions forced labor to organ- 
ize. The laborer is worthy of his hire and capital 
might as well realize that the worker from now on 
is going to demand a reasonable share of the wealth 
he creates. Do not forget that labor is the source of 
all wealth. 

When Columbus discovered America he found it 
populated but there was no wealth except as it nat- 
urally existed because the Indians did not labor. 

You could trade a string of beads for a farm of 
land because when the land was not worked it had 
no intrinsic value. When the white man began to 
work the soil and create wealth from it immediately 
the soil grew in value. 

In every avenue of endeavor it is labor that 
creates wealth. The only way possible to become 
a millionaire is to employ labor and take a percent- 
age rake-off. For instance, if I employ one hundred 



COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING 119 

men and realize one dollar a day profit from each 
man's labor I make one hundred dollars a day. It 
is right and just that the captains of industry should 
make a profit for their investment but it is also 
right that labor should be well paid for their work. 

It is the hand of labor that opens the vaults and 
turns loose the golden flood that brings happiness to 
every hearthstone and prosperity to all. When wages 
are good there is more money in circulation with a 
greater demand for the products of the soil and the 
shop and so the wheel goes round at a merry gait. 

Take during the late world war when all the in- 
dustries were working overtime and full speed what 
a wave of prosperity came to all. 

Suppose for instance that the government should 
choose to spend thirty billions for deep waterways 
and power plants, run by water and good roads. It 
would be much more sane than for war, while at 
the same time it would open up the flood-gates of 
prosperity and make this nation the model of the 
world. 

This is not visionary it is just simple horse sense. 

To do this we must have government control or 
ownership of all the public utilities including the 
banks. 

This will destroy concentrated wealth, which per- 
mits a few individuals to control all the industries 
of the nation and run them for their own private 
gain, thereby contracting and expanding the circu- 
lating media of the nation if not of the world to 
suit their pleasure or gratify a pet whim sometimes 
as frivolous as buying a Duke or Count for their 
daughter or perhaps starting a little world war. 



120 THE REPUBLIC OF TOMORROW 

There is nothing that can keep the peace between 
nations or individuals of a nation as long as the 
wealth of the country is so unequally divided by 
class legislation and specially legalized privileges in 
the use of the money of a nation. 

It seems to me that the malefactors of great 
wealth financed that last war and when they saw 
there was danger of losing their money they plunged 
Uncle Sam into the conflict to save their money and 
while he was busy fighting their battles they stole 
his pocketbook. 

Let us look forward with the hope and vision of 
our fathers who founded this republic to the golden 
dawn of a new era in our national life when no one 
shall have an income without rendering some service 
to the community and when every citizen of the re- 
public shall have an equal opportunity to do his bit 
in making this the greatest nation of all times. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 





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